{"id":7557,"date":"2024-09-30T12:27:35","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T04:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=7557"},"modified":"2025-11-19T19:36:17","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T11:36:17","slug":"rcd-vs-mcb-understanding-the-key-differences-in-electrical-protection-devices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcd-vs-mcb-understanding-the-key-differences-in-electrical-protection-devices\/","title":{"rendered":"RCD so v\u1edbi MCB: Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y khoan \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 anh ta xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u201428 milliamps, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 35. \u0110\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft. RCD trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng 30 mA v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n trong 28 mili gi\u00e2y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh r\u01a1i m\u00e1y khoan, ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng. MCB b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh RCD \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec sao? N\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u2014v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t MCB, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 RCD v\u00e0 MCB. RCD ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. MCB ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n.<\/strong> C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y\u2014ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1i kia\u2014t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch RCD v\u00e0 MCB ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n

RCD so v\u1edbi MCB: So s\u00e1nh nhanh<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1<\/th>\nRCD (Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0)<\/th>\nMCB (M\u00e1y c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch thu nh\u1ecf)<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
B\u1ea3o V\u1ec7 Ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/td>\nQu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng & ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh (r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/strong><\/td>\n10 mA \u0111\u1ebfn 300 mA (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 30 mA \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/td>\n0,5A \u0111\u1ebfn 125A (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ch)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng Th\u1eddi Gian<\/strong><\/td>\n25-40 mili gi\u00e2y \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t: gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat; T\u1eeb t\u00ednh: 5-10 mili gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00f3 (ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd)<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong><\/td>\nIEC 61008-1:2024 (RCCB), IEC 61009-1:2024 (RCBO)<\/td>\nIEC 60898-1:2015+A1:2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\nAC, A, F, B (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng), S (tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian)<\/td>\nB, C, D (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u1eaft t\u1eeb t\u00ednh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\nQu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt t\u1eeb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh D\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nKhu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u1ed5 c\u1eafm, c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t TT<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n chung, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t RCD kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 MCB khi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t MCB kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 RCD khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

\"VIOX<\/p>\n

RCD (Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng d\u01b0) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 (RCD)<\/strong>\u2014c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 (RCCB)<\/a> ho\u1eb7c B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea5t (GFCI) \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9\u2014l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi IEC 61008-1:2024 cho RCCB \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 IEC 61009-1:2024 cho RCBO (RCD+MCB k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p), RCD l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u201d m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i ra qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, hai d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhau\u2014m\u1ecdi electron r\u1eddi \u0111i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra\u2014m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1ecf d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec RCD ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao RCD c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1eafp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10-15 mA d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Rung t\u00e2m th\u1ea5t (ng\u1eebng tim) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 50-100 mA duy tr\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t RCD \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 30 mA v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft l\u00e0 25-40 mili gi\u00e2y. N\u00f3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tim b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

RCD kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi RCD\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u1eafm m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y s\u01b0\u1edfi 3.000W v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u1ed5 c\u1eafm 13A\u2014RCD s\u1ebd \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd trong khi c\u00e1p qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a MCB. RCD c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Pro-\u0110\u1ea7u #1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu RCD ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e9p n\u00f3. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang g\u00e2y ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\u2014m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m trong h\u1ed9p n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1p b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. T\u00ecm v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf RCD m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e1ch RCD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n

B\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i RCD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thanh l\u1ecbch: m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn<\/strong> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p vi sai). Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c so s\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft)<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i qua t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i ferit h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, 5A ch\u1ea1y ra qua d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 5A tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qua d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh. Hai d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb trong l\u00f5i h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng\u2014ch\u00fang tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng r\u00f2ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong l\u00f5i, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn qu\u1ea5n quanh l\u00f5i. RCD v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (Ng\u1eaft)<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1p b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, cho ph\u00e9p 35 mA d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd 5,035A ch\u1ea1y ra qua d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 5,000A tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qua d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh. 35 mA b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\u2014c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1eaft (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u01a1le ho\u1eb7c solenoid), m\u1edf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 mili gi\u00e2y<\/strong> \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (IEC 61008-1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u1eaft trong v\u00f2ng 300 ms \u1edf I\u0394n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RCD 30 mA, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eaft khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t 30 mA, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eaft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa 15 mA (50% \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 30 mA (100% \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c). \u1ede 150 mA (g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c), th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 40 mili gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

N\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i RCD bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd. Nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xung quanh bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu RCD kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat ki\u1ec3m tra, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh RCD s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec RCD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

RCD c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • L\u1ed7i pha-pha<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh (ho\u1eb7c hai pha trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba pha), d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0o qua m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111i ra qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c\u2014kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: \u0110o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nhau), RCD kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1ed7i \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a RCD<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a RCD nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t, RCD s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n MCB. RCD l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia\u2014ch\u00fang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

    Pro-\u0110\u1ea7u #2:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u RCD trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t RCD li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ng\u1eaft, th\u00ec l\u1ed7i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi RCD c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eebng ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i RCD xung quanh v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t\u2014truy t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1p g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    \"RCD
    H\u00ecnh 1: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong RCD. Bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p h\u00ecnh xuy\u1ebfn (bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p vi sai) li\u00ean t\u1ee5c so s\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i RCD: Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c RCD \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf RCD c\u0169 h\u01a1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. IEC 60755 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 61008-1:2024 \/ IEC 61009-1:2024 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i RCD d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

    Lo\u1ea1i AC: Ch\u1ec9 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh sin<\/h3>\n

    RCCB Lo\u1ea1i AC<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh sin d\u01b0\u2014d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng 50\/60 Hz truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf RCCB ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 AC truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>: RCCB Lo\u1ea1i AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady\u2014khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DC ho\u1eb7c m\u00e9o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV, b\u1ebfp t\u1eeb, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n LED) t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 DC ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c xung m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1i AC kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

    N\u01a1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb AC truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, Lo\u1ea1i A \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    Lo\u1ea1i A: AC + DC xung<\/h3>\n

    RCCB Lo\u1ea1i A<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 xoay chi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh sin v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 DC xung (ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u n\u1eeda s\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n s\u00f3ng). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t pha c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 VFD, m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y n\u00e9n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 DC xung trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. RCCB Lo\u1ea1i AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. RCCB Lo\u1ea1i A l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020+.<\/p>\n

    Pro-\u0110\u1ea7u #3:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb HVAC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i A l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Lo\u1ea1i AC ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Lo\u1ea1i F: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

    RCCB Lo\u1ea1i F<\/strong> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i A+ ho\u1eb7c Lo\u1ea1i A v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e2ng cao) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i A ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Lo\u1ea1i B: To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 DC v\u00e0 AC<\/h3>\n

    RCCB Lo\u1ea1i B<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n AC h\u00ecnh sin, DC xung v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 DC thu\u1ea7n<\/strong> l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 kHz. DC thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u ba pha, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c nhanh DC, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao Lo\u1ea1i B l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c nhanh DC v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c AC c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 3) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 DC thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t qua d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. RCCB Lo\u1ea1i A s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. IEC 62955 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC d\u01b0 (RDC-DD) d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c EV v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Lo\u1ea1i B ho\u1eb7c RCD-DD cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c EV.<\/p>\n

    Khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Lo\u1ea1i B<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c EV (tr\u1eeb khi RCD-DD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i EVSE)<\/li>\n
    • C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/li>\n
    • Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u ba pha)<\/li>\n
    • Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 DC \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Lo\u1ea1i S (Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \/ Tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian)<\/h3>\n

      RCCB Lo\u1ea1i S c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u00fd (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 40-100 ms so v\u1edbi RCCB ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u RCCB x\u1ebfp t\u1ea7ng. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t RCCB Lo\u1ea1i S \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh) v\u00e0 RCCB ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh, RCCB ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i RCCB<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (hi\u1ebfm)<\/strong> \u2192 Lo\u1ea1i AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng Lo\u1ea1i A an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n<\/li>\n
      • D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng\/th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed)<\/strong> \u2192 Lo\u1ea1i A t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/li>\n
      • S\u1ea1c EV, PV m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, VFD ba pha<\/strong> \u2192 Lo\u1ea1i B ho\u1eb7c RCD-DD<\/li>\n
      • B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh)<\/strong> \u2192 Lo\u1ea1i S<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        MCB (Aptomat thu nh\u1ecf) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

        M\u1ed9t M\u00e1y c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch thu nh\u1ecf (MCB)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng\u2014do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi IEC 60898-1:2015+S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 1:2019 cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, MCB ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i, nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho MCB kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u1eadt\/t\u1eaft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00e9p<\/strong>: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t cho qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (120-200% d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cho \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong mili gi\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec MCB b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n