{"id":23542,"date":"2026-04-06T22:30:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T14:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=23542"},"modified":"2026-04-06T22:30:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T14:30:20","slug":"leakage-current-vs-residual-current-vs-ground-current","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/leakage-current-vs-residual-current-vs-ground-current\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p>Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n, <strong>d\u00f2ng r\u00f2<\/strong>, <strong>d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong>, V\u00e0 <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2<\/strong> d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u00e9m, c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, v\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef IEC v\u00e0 NEC.<\/p>\n<h2>Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/h2>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/strong> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed9ng: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch. Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ki\u1ec3u IEC, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t <strong>TI\u00caN<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb\/\"><strong>RCCB<\/strong><\/a>, ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcbo\/\"><strong>RCBO<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi <strong>ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <strong>GFCI<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3 ba c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2, g\u1eedi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/strong> l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn: n\u00f3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ea5t, PE ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc EMI v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng IEC th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng <strong>RCD\/RCCB\/RCBO<\/strong> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn NEC v\u00e0 UL th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>GFCI<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh nhanh<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-infographic-comparing-leakage-current-residual-current-and-ground-current.webp\" alt=\"Technical infographic comparing leakage current, residual current, and ground current\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><em>So s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2, d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">H\u1ea1n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">N\u00f3 c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng?<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea3y b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1ea1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, EMC, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>D\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">M\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">RCD, RCCB, RCBO, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 IEC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">GFCI, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef NEC ho\u1eb7c UL<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Gi\u00fap m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>b\u1edfi <strong>hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/li>\n<li>b\u1edfi <strong>\u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n<li>b\u1edfi <strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn<\/strong>: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-infographic-showing-real-world-causes-of-leakage-current-residual-current-and-ground-current-confusion.webp\" alt=\"Technical infographic showing real world causes of leakage current, residual current, and ground current confusion\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><em>C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2, d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>d\u00f2ng r\u00f2<\/strong> cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n chung<\/li>\n<li>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong> cho s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2<\/strong> khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, khung thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn k\u00fd sinh.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao song song v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n dung nh\u1ecf:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$$ I_{leak} = V \\cdot \\left(\\frac{1}{R_{ins}} + j\\omega C_{ins}\\right) $$<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t <strong>th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/strong>, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t <strong>th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n dung<\/strong>, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1p, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n dung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. \u1ed4 \u0111\u0129a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n PV, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UPS v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc EMC \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i cho lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb-full-form-understanding-residual-current-circuit-breakers\/\">RCCB Full Form: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng vect\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t pha kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$$ I_{\\Delta} = I_L \u2013 I_N $$<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu 10 A r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 10 A tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 zero. N\u1ebfu 10.003 A r\u1eddi \u0111i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 10.000 A tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 3 mA. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba pha, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng vect\u01a1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao t\u1eeb \u201cd\u01b0\u201d l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i do:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>TI\u00caN<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li><strong>RCCB<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li><strong>RCBO<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean logic \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 \u201cr\u00f2 r\u1ec9\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcbo-full-form-in-electrical\/\">RCBO Full Form trong \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcbo-vs-rccb-mcb-comparison-space-cost-selectivity\/\">RCBO so v\u1edbi RCCB c\u1ed9ng MCB<\/a> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e2y d\u1eabn li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/li>\n<li>\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung t\u1eeb c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li>t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ecdc EMI xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/li>\n<li>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t k\u1eb9p xung quanh d\u00e2y d\u1eabn PE c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d chung sang c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t do l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m m\u1edd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/li>\n<li>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t do l\u1ed7i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef IEC sang NEC, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcd-vs-gfci-breaker-difference-iec-nec\/\">RCD so v\u1edbi GFCI Breaker: Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef IEC so v\u1edbi NEC v\u00e0 Logic B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/a> l\u00e0 trang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/understanding-ground-fault-protection\/\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ba Thu\u1eadt Ng\u1eef Li\u00ean Quan Nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Annotated-electrical-diagram-showing-how-leakage-current-residual-current-and-ground-current-relate-in-one-circuit.webp\" alt=\"Annotated electrical diagram showing how leakage current, residual current, and ground current relate in one circuit\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><em>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9?<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0?<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t?<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc EMI<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">C\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch do nhi\u1ec5u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">L\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">C\u00f3, t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">L\u00fd do ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 n\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u00f2ng d\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3>1. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n<p>RCCB v\u00e0 RCBO kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u201chi\u1ec3u\u201d t\u1ea1i sao d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/li>\n<li>h\u00e0nh vi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng RCCB, RCBO, GFCI, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef sang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00ec VIOX <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb\/\">Trang \u0111\u00edch RCCB<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcbo\/\">Trang \u0111\u00edch RCBO<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef IEC v\u00e0 NEC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng IEC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li>TI\u00caN<\/li>\n<li>RCCB<\/li>\n<li>RCBO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>GFCI<\/li>\n<li>b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u201cd\u00f2ng r\u00f2\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u201cd\u00f2ng r\u00f2\u201d trong b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ghi ch\u00fa b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m?<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qua \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch do nhi\u1ec5u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Engineer-inspecting-leakage-current-residual-current-and-ground-current-behavior-in-an-electrical-panel.webp\" alt=\"Engineer inspecting leakage current, residual current, and ground current behavior in an electrical panel\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><em>M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0110o d\u00f2ng r\u00f2<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>\u0111o b\u1eb1ng k\u00ecm tr\u00ean d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ea1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/strong> ph\u00eda hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110o d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng k\u00ecm d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n vi sai ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng t\u1ed5ng bao quanh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 cao, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 thay v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li>nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn VFD, c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u00e0i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UPS v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch do nhi\u1ec5u th\u01b0\u1eddng do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng g\u00e2y ra h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TT, TN v\u00e0 IT<\/h3>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TT, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m h\u01a1n v\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng IT, l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3>PV, EV, UPS v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 AC \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xung quanh c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>IEC 60364<\/strong> quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 61008<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 61009<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a RCCB v\u00e0 RCBO<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEC 62020<\/strong> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEC 60990<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u 210.8 c\u1ee7a NEC<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef GFCI v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecd d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n UL943<\/strong> l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m GFCI<\/li>\n<li><strong>UL 101<\/strong> c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng <strong>d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong> l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh IEC, trong khi <strong>ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh NEC v\u00e0 UL.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<h3>\u201cD\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cD\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng do b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201c\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao h\u01a1n lu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cC\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1i AC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ecdi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c EV, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UPS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u201cM\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t k\u1ec3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00f3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n DC v\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0nh vi r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>Quy t\u1eafc Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>h\u00e3y n\u00f3i <strong>d\u00f2ng r\u00f2<\/strong> khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chung<\/li>\n<li>h\u00e3y n\u00f3i <strong>d\u00f2ng d\u01b0<\/strong> khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd RCD<\/li>\n<li>h\u00e3y n\u00f3i <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2<\/strong> khi b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>D\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi RCD ho\u1eb7c RCCB b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 chung duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00ec d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao RCCB ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eaft khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p, v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 (RCCB) \u0111ang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n do r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, ngay c\u1ea3 khi tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n (VFD), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng UPS v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ngh\u1ecbch l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc EMC, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n dung r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn PE, t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 hay d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t?<\/h3>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00ec v\u1eady d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m cho RCCB t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n dung v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h3>Khi n\u00e0o t\u00f4i n\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch?<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng d\u01b0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 n\u1ec1n, t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 quy t\u1eafc, r\u1ee7i ro \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In electrical engineering and power distribution, leakage current, residual current, and ground current are closely related, but they are not the same thing. Mixing them up can lead to poor device selection, misleading troubleshooting notes, nuisance tripping, and confusion when moving between IEC and NEC terminology. Direct Answer Leakage current is the broad phenomenon: current [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23542"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23544,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23542\/revisions\/23544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}