{"id":21448,"date":"2026-01-26T09:31:47","date_gmt":"2026-01-26T01:31:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21448"},"modified":"2026-01-26T09:31:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T01:31:49","slug":"low-vs-medium-vs-high-voltage-classification-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/low-vs-medium-vs-high-voltage-classification-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4n (V), bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e1p su\u1ea5t\u201d \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc di chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0i, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Modern-electrical-substation-showing-low-medium-and-high-voltage-equipment-with-VIOX-switchgear-and-distribution-systems.webp\" alt=\"Modern electrical substation showing low, medium, and high voltage equipment with VIOX switchgear and distribution systems\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; color: #555;\">Tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i VIOX.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u2014ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau theo khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC (\u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf)<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <strong>IEC 60038<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>IEC 61140<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p (ELV)<\/strong>: D\u01b0\u1edbi 50V AC ho\u1eb7c 120V DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (LV)<\/strong>: 50V \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000V AC ho\u1eb7c 120V \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500V DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh (MV)<\/strong>: 1kV \u0111\u1ebfn 35kV (\u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn 52kV)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (HV)<\/strong>: 35kV \u0111\u1ebfn 230kV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c cao (EHV)<\/strong>: 230kV \u0111\u1ebfn 800kV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p si\u00eau cao (UHV)<\/strong>: Tr\u00ean 800kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI\/NEC (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9)<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (ANSI) v\u00e0 Quy t\u1eafc \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia (NEC) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/strong>: L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 600V AC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong>: 601V \u0111\u1ebfn 69kV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/strong>: 69kV \u0111\u1ebfn 230kV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c cao<\/strong>: 230kV \u0111\u1ebfn 500kV<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p si\u00eau cao<\/strong>: Tr\u00ean 500kV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y so s\u00e1nh hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC (Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf)<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI\/NEC (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">&lt; 50V AC \/ &lt; 120V DC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">&lt; 30V AC \/ &lt; 60V DC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">50V \u2013 1.000V AC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 600V AC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">1kV \u2013 35kV (52kV)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">601V \u2013 69kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">35kV \u2013 230kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">69kV \u2013 230kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c cao<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">230kV \u2013 800kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">230kV \u2013 500kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p si\u00eau cao<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">&gt; 800kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">&gt; 500kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Voltage-classification-diagram-comparing-IEC-and-ANSI-standards-from-extra-low-to-ultra-high-voltage.webp\" alt=\"Voltage classification diagram comparing IEC and ANSI standards from extra low to ultra high voltage with VIOX branding\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; color: #555;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC v\u00e0 ANSI t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p si\u00eau cao v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u VIOX.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (LV): N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c <strong>50V \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000V AC<\/strong> (IEC) ho\u1eb7c <strong>l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 600V AC<\/strong> (ANSI\/NEC). Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 km)<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t pha 120V\/240V (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba pha 230V\/400V (Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\/Ch\u00e2u \u00c1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong>: Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, thang m\u00e1y<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u1ecf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong>: PLC, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea7u ra bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/full-guide-to-battery-energy-storage-systems\/\">h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/on-grid-vs-off-grid-solar-distribution-box-selection-guide\/\">h\u1ed9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-miniature-circuit-breaker-mcb\/\">Thu Nh\u1ecf B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eaft M\u1ea1ch (C\u00f4ng)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-molded-case-circuit-breaker-mccb\/\">Aptomat v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac (MCCB)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb-full-form-understanding-residual-current-circuit-breakers\/\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0 (RCCB)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-contactor\/\">Contactor v\u00e0 Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/load-center-vs-distribution-board-nema-iec-difference\/\">B\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ed3 Quang \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: \u0110o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: PPE c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m g\u0103ng tay c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n OSHA, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0o tr\u00ean 50V \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-cutaway-diagram-of-VIOX-ELECTRIC-low-voltage-distribution-panel-showing-internal-components-and-three-phase-power-distribution.webp\" alt=\"Technical cutaway diagram of VIOX low voltage distribution panel showing internal components and three-phase power distribution\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; color: #555;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eaft k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf VIOX cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf (MV): C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>1kV v\u00e0 35kV<\/strong> (IEC) ho\u1eb7c <strong>601V \u0111\u1ebfn 69kV<\/strong> (ANSI\/NEC). Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean 5-50 km<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/low-voltage-switchgear-types-ggd-gck-gcs-mns-xl21-guide\/\">\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong>: Trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, s\u00e2n bay, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c<\/strong>: Tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn<\/strong>: \u1ed4 \u0111\u0129a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1-10 MW)<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong>: Trang tr\u1ea1i gi\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft trung th\u1ebf (tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 IEC 62271)<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y c\u1eaft ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (VCB)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/boards\/019bf541-663f-7e31-9669-2f7c8b1b4ce7\/?craft-id=019bf5b6-386e-7a42-b235-f445f531d4b2\">T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng (RMU)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c (MV\/LV)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-surge-protection-device\/\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t lan truy\u1ec1n trung th\u1ebf<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/complete-guide-to-3-phase-isolator-switch\/\">C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u00e1ch ly<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/strong>: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c MV<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 PPE<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u0103ng tay c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (C\u1ea5p 2-4), t\u1ea5m che m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3a\/treo bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u1ee7i ro h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-medium-voltage-switchgear-installation-showing-professional-MV-distribution-equipment-in-industrial-electrical-room.webp\" alt=\"VIOX medium voltage switchgear installation showing professional MV distribution equipment in industrial electrical room\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; color: #555;\">L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft trung th\u1ebf VIOX cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i MV chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Cao \u00e1p (HV): Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng <strong>35kV v\u00e0 230kV<\/strong> (IEC) ho\u1eb7c <strong>69kV \u0111\u1ebfn 230kV<\/strong> (ANSI\/NEC). C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/strong>: T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 50-300 km<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m megawatt<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMF) v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c quan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong>: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/strong>: Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/strong>: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i gi\u00f3\/m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi<\/strong>: Trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ACB) v\u00e0 M\u00e1y c\u1eaft SF6<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n (h\u1ea1 \u00e1p HV\/MV)<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (CT\/VT)<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t van v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng xung \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cao \u00e1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xa<\/strong>: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb xa ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i (m\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i centimet)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m EMF<\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cao \u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2>Si\u00eau cao \u00e1p (EHV) v\u00e0 C\u1ef1c si\u00eau cao \u00e1p (UHV)<\/h2>\n<h3>Si\u00eau cao \u00e1p (230kV \u2013 800kV)<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng EHV truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, bang ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m 345kV, 500kV v\u00e0 765kV.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean 300-1.000 km<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u1ef1c si\u00eau cao \u00e1p (Tr\u00ean 800kV)<\/h3>\n<p>UHV \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1.000kV (1 MV) tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 UHV v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 1.100kV AC v\u00e0 \u00b11.100kV DC \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh lang truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Power-transmission-system-diagram-showing-voltage-transformation-from-generation-through-high-medium-and-low-voltage-distribution-with-VIOX-equipment.webp\" alt=\"Power transmission system diagram showing voltage transformation from generation through high, medium, and low voltage distribution with VIOX equipment\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; color: #555;\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cao \u00e1p, trung \u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u00e1p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb VIOX.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh: LV so v\u1edbi MV so v\u1edbi HV<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>D\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (IEC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">50V \u2013 1kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">1kV \u2013 35kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">35kV \u2013 230kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">&lt; 1 km<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">5 \u2013 50 km<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">50 \u2013 300 km<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 MW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">1 \u2013 50 MW<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">50 \u2013 500+ MW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>M\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Cao (h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ampe)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Trung b\u00ecnh (h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ampe)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Th\u1ea5p (h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ampe)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc D\u00e2y D\u1eabn<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">L\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">V\u1eeba<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">N\u00e2ng cao<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">R\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">V\u1eeba<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110i\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">MV chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">HV chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>B\u1ea3o Tr\u00ec T\u1ea7n S\u1ed1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">\u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh\/Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>\u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">T\u00f2a nh\u00e0, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">MCB, MCCB, RCCB<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">VCB, Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">ACB, M\u00e1y c\u1eaft SF6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\"><strong>Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n Tu\u00e2n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">IEC 60947, UL 489<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">IEC 62271, IEEE C37<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px;\">IEC 62271-100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>So s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: <strong>T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng = I\u00b2R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I = D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (ampe)<\/li>\n<li>R = \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (ohm)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111i 75%<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i 100 MW:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ede 10kV (MV): D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n = 10.000A, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede 100kV (HV): D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n = 1.000A, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m 99%<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede 500kV (EHV): D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n = 200A, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m 99,96%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi 100 kW<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7<\/li>\n<li><strong>100 kW \u0111\u1ebfn 10 MW<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean 10 MW<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi 500 m\u00e9t<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p kinh t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li><strong>500 m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn 20 km<\/strong>: N\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00ean 20 km<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e0 \u1edf\/Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn (&gt;200 HP)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1edbn<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LV: Chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>MV: Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>HV: Chi ph\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LV: T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n cho kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0i<\/li>\n<li>MV: C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>HV: T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5. C\u00e1c Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 An To\u00e0n v\u00e0 Quy \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/circuit-protection-selection-framework-a-5-step-guide-for-panel-builders-iec-60947\/\">C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-to-ground-an-electrical-panel\/\">C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/arc-flash-labels-generic-vs-detailed-nec-nfpa-guide\/\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h3>\n<p>Xem x\u00e9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n Ph\u1ed1i \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00c1p<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 11-25kV)<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0103ng \u00c1p<\/strong>: M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00ean HV\/EHV \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1m Bi\u1ebfn \u00c1p S\u01a1 C\u1ea5p<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i khu v\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1m Bi\u1ebfn \u00c1p Ph\u00e2n Ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u00f9ng Cu\u1ed1i<\/strong>: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec an to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/dry-type-vs-oil-filled-transformer-comparison-guide\/\">M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/a> \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7<\/h2>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau Chu\u1ea9n Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>IEC 60364<\/strong>: L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEC 62271<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cao \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEC 61140<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li><strong>IEEE C37<\/strong>: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7u dao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft<\/li>\n<li><strong>CAS 70E<\/strong>: An to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PPE)<\/h3>\n<p>PPE (Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u0103ng tay c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (C\u1ea5p 00 ho\u1eb7c 0)<\/li>\n<li>K\u00ednh an to\u00e0n<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>G\u0103ng tay c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (C\u1ea5p 2-4)<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng da<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 8 cal\/cm\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea5m che m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00c1p Cao:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PPE t\u1ed1i \u0111a bao g\u1ed3m g\u0103ng tay C\u1ea5p 4<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (40+ cal\/cm\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>\u01afu ti\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb xa<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u00e0o c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nguy C\u01a1 H\u1ed3 Quang \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean 50V \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n theo NFPA 70E. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/li>\n<li>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c PPE b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/arc-flash-labels-generic-vs-detailed-nec-nfpa-guide\/\">C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ghi nh\u00e3n an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Xu H\u01b0\u1edbng M\u1edbi N\u1ed5i trong C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00c1p<\/h2>\n<h3>HVDC (D\u00f2ng \u0110i\u1ec7n M\u1ed9t Chi\u1ec1u Cao \u00c1p)<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 HVDC \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00ec:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i si\u00eau d\u00e0i (&gt;500 km)<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/smart-circuit-breakers-vs-traditional-circuit-breakers\/\">C\u1ea7u dao th\u00f4ng minh<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e2n Nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i T\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-pv-combiner-box-and-why-your-solar-system-cant-function-without-one\/\">H\u1ed9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a> cho vi\u1ec7c thu gom DC<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/the-difference-between-high-frequency-and-low-frequency-inverters\/\">L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/nec-120-percent-rule-solar-panel-upgrade-hack\/\">C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-to-choose-the-right-spd-for-your-solar-power-system\/\">B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t lan truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111i\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau theo khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC v\u00e0 ANSI\/NEC \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (50V-1kV) cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/strong>: T\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng LV l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh (1kV-35kV) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng MV cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (35kV-230kV) cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HV gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng an to\u00e0n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m 75% t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m cho HV tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/strong>: T\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-miniature-circuit-breaker-mcb\/\">C\u00f4ng<\/a> MCB trong LV \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft SF6 trong HV, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, PPE v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u0103ng l\u00ean<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/strong>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/strong>: C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, IEEE, ANSI v\u00e0 NFPA \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong>: Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i HVDC, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, nguy c\u01a1 an to\u00e0n, k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, trung \u00e1p v\u00e0 cao \u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (50V-1kV) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh (1kV-35kV) cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 5-50 km. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (35kV-230kV) cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m km v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t?<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u00e0i (t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng = I\u00b2R, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n = d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n = t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i. H\u1ea1 \u00e1p qua trung \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 480V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf hay trung th\u1ebf?<\/h3>\n<p>480V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 <strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/strong> theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC (\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a LV l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000V) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ANSI\/NEC (\u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a LV l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 600V). Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba pha 480V mang c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng 120V\/240V. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, 480V th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau theo khu v\u1ef1c: <strong>120V\/240V<\/strong> 120V\/240V m\u1ed9t pha \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, <strong>230V\/400V<\/strong> \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00e0 <strong>100V<\/strong> 100V \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (120V ho\u1eb7c 230V) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf, trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n (240V ho\u1eb7c 400V) cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n n\u00e0o khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb an to\u00e0n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m: g\u0103ng tay cao su c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p 2-4 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng da, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 8-12 cal\/cm\u00b2), t\u1ea5m che m\u1eb7t, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n trung th\u1ebf v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f3a\/treo bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 PPE cho t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p?<\/h3>\n<p>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: t\u1ed5ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 500-1000 kW), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u00ean 200 HP), kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 500 m\u00e9t) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung th\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n). Tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, th\u00f4ng qua m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1eeb LV l\u00ean MV. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u01b0 trang tr\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u01a1i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/the-difference-between-high-frequency-and-low-frequency-inverters\/\">b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/a> t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n AC \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/circuit-protection-selection-framework-a-5-step-guide-for-panel-builders-iec-60947\/\">thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/a>, v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ti\u1ec7n \u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p?<\/h3>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC v\u00e0 ANSI\/NEC, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201ccao th\u1ebf\u201d (HT) thay v\u00ec \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0nh (nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang\u2014l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/residential-circuit-breakers-vs-industrial-circuit-breakers\/\">c\u1ea7u dao d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/a> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed7i m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i HVDC, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/load-center-vs-distribution-board-nema-iec-difference\/\">b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/a>, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/low-voltage-switchgear-types-ggd-gck-gcs-mns-xl21-guide\/\">\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft<\/a>, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i VIOX Electric, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, t\u1eeb <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/mcb\/\">c\u1ea7u dao thu nh\u1ecf<\/a> \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft trung th\u1ebf, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 467.828px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 5865.26px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 5865.26px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 9170.48px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 9170.48px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 467.828px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 1249.83px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 1249.83px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3070.09px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3070.09px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 4048.17px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 4048.17px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding voltage classifications is fundamental to electrical engineering, power distribution, and equipment selection. Whether you&#8217;re designing a residential circuit, managing an industrial facility, or planning a power transmission network, knowing the differences between low, medium, and high voltage is essential for safety, efficiency, and compliance with international standards. This comprehensive guide explores the technical distinctions, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21448"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21451,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21448\/revisions\/21451"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}