{"id":21272,"date":"2026-01-12T22:05:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T14:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21272"},"modified":"2026-01-12T22:06:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T14:06:33","slug":"choosing-the-right-ats-for-solar-pv-systems-pv-ready-vs-standard-generators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/choosing-the-right-ats-for-solar-pv-systems-pv-ready-vs-standard-generators\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ATS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: Lo\u1ea1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-automatic-transfer-switch-installed-in-residential-solar-hybrid-system-with-battery-bank-and-inverter-showing-professional-dual-source-coordination.webp\" alt=\"VIOX automatic transfer switch installed in residential solar hybrid system with battery bank and inverter, showing professional dual-source coordination\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u00ecnh 1: VIOX <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats\/\">c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hybrid d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hybrid\u2014k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u00e3y quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef pin v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng\u2014\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 20.000 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ebfn 50.000 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n r\u1eb1ng ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i do l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa <strong>c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 <strong>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p pin, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PV dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n 12VDC \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV so v\u1edbi ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NEC \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ba ngu\u1ed3n an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t hybrid hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ATS trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hybrid n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ATS n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong> c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: khi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, ATS c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u01a1le 12VDC \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (10-15 gi\u00e2y), sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai ngu\u1ed3n duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong> kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 12VDC \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ATS t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i <strong>\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p pin<\/strong> thay v\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-dual-power-automatic-transfer-switch\/\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ch\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/hybrid-inverter-ats-wiring-guide-2-wire-start-neutral-bonding\/\">h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n hybrid<\/a>, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra AC b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o pin ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ct\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\u201d cho bi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch ba ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-schematic-diagram-of-VIOX-ATS-coordinating-utility-grid-solar-battery-system-and-backup-generator-with-transfer-timing-and-voltage-monitoring-specifications.webp\" alt=\"Technical schematic diagram of VIOX ATS coordinating utility grid, solar battery system, and backup generator with transfer timing and voltage monitoring specifications\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u00ecnh 2: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch VIOX ATS ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hybrid hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd <strong>ba ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/strong> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>L\u01b0\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + Pin<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SOC c\u1ee7a pin v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng: n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kWh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p khi c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/pin \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c SOC c\u1ee7a pin gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u an to\u00e0n. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n\/kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<th>Ngu\u1ed3n Ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<th>Ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/th>\n<th>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea3i<\/th>\n<th>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ATS c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>L\u01b0\u1edbi (ho\u1eb7c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/td>\n<td>Pin \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1c, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\n<td>ATS tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi, Pin \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/Pin<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1edd<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng (n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i)<\/td>\n<td>ATS chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/pin (mili gi\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>M\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi, Pin c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i pin<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/td>\n<td>ATS chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (gi\u00e2y), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i pin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0n giao \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra)<\/td>\n<td>Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n\/kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<td>ATS ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi logic \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/automatic-transfer-switchats-vs-static-transfer-switchsts\/\">l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/a> v\u00ec c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ATS kh\u00e1c nhau x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh vi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh: K\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng <strong>li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t (N-G)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng ng\u1eaft nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u 250.30 c\u1ee7a NEC quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c <strong>M\u1ed8T li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong> cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G b\u00ean trong\u2014nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n-ti\u1ec7n \u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i ATS ng\u1eaft c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng V\u00c0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, duy tr\u00ec quy t\u1eafc \u201cm\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong> c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 <strong>Anh ta l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m t\u1ea3i. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi). Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n hybrid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t jumper.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Comparison-diagram-illustrating-correct-versus-incorrect-neutral-ground-bonding-in-VIOX-ATS-solar-generator-coordination-showing-single-bond-and-dual-bond-failure-scenarios.webp\" alt=\"Comparison diagram illustrating correct versus incorrect neutral-ground bonding in VIOX ATS solar-generator coordination showing single-bond and dual-bond failure scenarios\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u00ecnh 3: So s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u1eefa li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda<\/strong> m\u1edf ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ATS m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u01a1i bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong\u2014t\u1ea1o ra <strong>li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t k\u00e9p<\/strong>. V\u1edbi hai \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung t\u00ednh chia gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u00e2y ra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ng\u1eaft RCD\/GFCI g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i<\/strong>: C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec5u v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng cao<\/strong>: S\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u00ean tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1ed7i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft<\/strong> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn ATS:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G b\u00ean trong<\/strong>, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ATS<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tri\u1ec3n khai ATS v\u1edbi trung t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> c\u00e1ch ly ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t r\u01a1le c\u00e1ch ly<\/strong> ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/grounding-vs-gfci-vs-surge-protection\/\">c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<\/a> ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi-m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 2: M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV so v\u1edbi M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201cS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi-m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/strong>: Jumper b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9p<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n (\u00b13% so v\u1edbi \u00b15%) v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (59,8-60,2 Hz) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao ti\u1ebfp ATS \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\/v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n 15-30% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 3-5% t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t $30.000-$50.000\u2014m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n<p><strong>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n-ti\u1ec7n \u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/hybrid-inverter-ats-wiring-guide-2-wire-start-neutral-bonding\/\">h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n hybrid<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n trung t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t khung m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 jumper c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e1o r\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu th\u00e1o ra.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giao ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/strong> c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u2014Generac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai d\u00e2y 12VDC, Kohler tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/pin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong> c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc (\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u00b15%, dung sai t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00b13%) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i, s\u1ee5t \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o theo IEEE 1547, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00ec l\u00fd do an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p pin<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh: M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV so v\u1edbi M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>N\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV<\/th>\n<th>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua jumper\/c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc; th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m t\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh; kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<td>Giao ti\u1ebfp 12VDC \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ATS th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p chung<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00b12-3%, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd (59,9-60,1 Hz) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00b15%, dung sai t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00b13%; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ATS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy v\u00e0 ATS l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n; h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ATS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t\/\u0111i d\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hybrid<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf, logic r\u01a1le t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cao h\u01a1n 15-30% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n; th\u00eam 1.500-3.000 \u0111\u00f4 la cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng 10-22kW<\/td>\n<td>Chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n; 5.000-12.000 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng 10-22kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u1eafc quy c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1eafc quy; kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi ATS b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1eafc quy\/n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hybrid n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + \u1eafc quy + m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td>Sao l\u01b0u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch-m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi; c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 3: Ch\u1ecdn ATS ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-ATS-selection-decision-flowchart-showing-voltage-sensing-battery-controlled-smart-programmable-and-dual-ATS-options-for-solar-PV-system-applications.webp\" alt=\"VIOX ATS selection decision flowchart showing voltage-sensing, battery-controlled, smart programmable, and dual-ATS options for solar PV system applications\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u00ecnh 4: L\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ecdn ATS ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>3.1 Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ATS v\u1edbi <strong>\u0111\u1ea7u ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/strong> (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt). M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n 10kW t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra pha t\u00e1ch 240V cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 42A li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, cho th\u1ea5y ATS 60A ho\u1eb7c 80A cho bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ATS. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chuy\u1ec3n trong 10-30 gi\u00e2y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy\/bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 10-20 mili gi\u00e2y\u2014\u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i PLC.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Detailed-view-of-VIOX-transfer-switch-internal-contact-mechanism-showing-arc-quenching-system-and-thermal-characteristics-during-solar-grid-power-transfer.webp\" alt=\"Detailed view of VIOX transfer switch internal contact mechanism showing arc quenching system and thermal characteristics during solar-grid power transfer\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u00ecnh 5: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a VIOX, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ATS ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong> gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ATS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n\u2014t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li><strong>ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\u2014kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n<li><strong>ATS gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy<\/strong> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy DC v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\u2014t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>: <strong>D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00f3ng trong khi duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t chung. <strong>D\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00f3ng V\u00c0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, c\u00e1ch ly ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eebng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ATS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng tay (MTS)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t\u2014m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng tay chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch giao ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i khi ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o \u1eafc quy duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy<\/strong> li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy DC, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy sang l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n\/m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2014t\u1ea3i v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean \u1eafc quy\/bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u1eafc quy duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 42-48V cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lithium 48V.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ATS th\u00f4ng minh\/c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/strong> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng vi x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn giao ti\u1ebfp qua Modbus ho\u1eb7c Ethernet \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1eeb xa. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hybrid ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u, th\u00eam bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i 20-25%<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a ATS (120V, 240V, pha t\u00e1ch 120\/240V)<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: 2P ch\u1ec9 cho d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00f3ng, 4P cho pha t\u00e1ch v\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2014\u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c chung<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra danh s\u00e1ch UL 1008 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.4 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/strong>: G\u1eafn ATS g\u1ea7n b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p. Cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo NEC 110.26 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 36 inch ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed9ng 30 inch, cao 6,5 feet). C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 \u1eafc quy cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u00e2y c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn DC.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/cable-size-types-mm-awg-bs-conversion-guide\/\">d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/a> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ch. M\u00e3 m\u00e0u d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ngu\u1ed3n: ti\u1ec7n \u00edch (\u0111en\/\u0111\u1ecf\/tr\u1eafng\/xanh l\u1ee5c), n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (xanh lam\/v\u00e0ng\/tr\u1eafng\/xanh l\u1ee5c), m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (n\u00e2u\/cam\/tr\u1eafng\/xanh l\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>: L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u2014t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ATS, t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau ATS ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n\/m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ATS trung t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch). Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t khi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/strong>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t khung bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t khung m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ATS v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo B\u1ea3ng 250.66 c\u1ee7a NEC. Tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-to-ground-an-electrical-panel\/\">c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>: L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i ATS cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Theo NEC 705, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/the-complete-guide-to-electrical-panel-labeling\/\">d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 4: C\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00edch H\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac \u01afu Ti\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong> \u01b0u ti\u00ean bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + \u1eafc quy l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh khi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n sau khi SOC (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ea1c) c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS (c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1eafc quy khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb khi c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i\u2014\u1eafc quy lithium LiFePO4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2,8V tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cell (44,8V cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 48V), nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra cao h\u01a1n 2-4V. \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch 4-6V \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1eafc quy.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o th\u1ee7<\/strong>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1edf 50V (50% SOC), ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u1edf 54V (80% SOC)\u2014tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u1eafc quy t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/strong>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1edf 48V (30% SOC), ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u1edf 53V (70% SOC)\u2014t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong>: Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u1edf 46V (20% SOC), ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u1edf 52V (60% SOC)\u2014t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eaft t\u1ea3i khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1eafc quy. <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/smart-circuit-breakers-vs-traditional-circuit-breakers\/\">C\u1ea7u dao th\u00f4ng minh<\/a> ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, d\u00e0nh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1eafc quy cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u0110i\u1ec7n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi H\u00f2a L\u01b0\u1edbi C\u00f3 D\u1ef1 Ph\u00f2ng M\u00e1y Ph\u00e1t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hybrid \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, trong khi m\u1ed9t ATS ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u01b0 th\u1eeba l\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2014ATS th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch hai ngu\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi \u2194 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n). Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, ATS b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i. Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e1m l\u01b0\u1edbi (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u00b15% \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u00b10,5 Hz t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 theo IEEE 1547).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00b15% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eaft n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 Ph\u1ed1i H\u1ee3p Ba Ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hybrid ba ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong> ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi + \u1eafc quy V\u00c0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng minh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ATS k\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng minh ba ngu\u1ed3n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ATS k\u00e9p, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch quy m\u00f4 mili gi\u00e2y gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy, trong khi c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ph\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Logic \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eaec quy<\/strong> (khi \u1eafc quy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c tr\u00ean 60% SOC)\u2014t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 hai: L\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u1eafc quy d\u01b0\u1edbi 40% SOC)\u2014d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u01afu ti\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba: M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (khi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 V\u00c0 \u1eafc quy c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi 30% SOC)\u2014ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ba ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam 5.000-15.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ec7n minh cho d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng ba l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<h3>4.4 Tr\u00e1nh C\u00e1c Sai L\u1ea7m T\u00edch H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p><strong>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t k\u00e9p<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G (d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh-d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea5t) b\u00ean trong c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n\u2014t\u1ea1o ra hai \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e2n chia d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: (1) Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV v\u1edbi li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, (2) L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ATS 4 c\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00ednh, (3) Tri\u1ec3n khai r\u01a1le c\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y ATS cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh song song m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda DC c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: X\u00e1c minh ATS bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ng\u0103n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng\u2014c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong>: Tr\u1ed9n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha 208V v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t pha 240V g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: Kh\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p buck-boost \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/strong>: M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n di \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn khung \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i khung m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 6 AWG. Tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/neutral-bar-vs-grounding-bar-whats-the-critical-difference\/\">c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thanh trung t\u00ednh so v\u1edbi thanh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ecfi \u0110\u00e1p Ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n Generac\/Kohler\/Briggs ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp ATS \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch do ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ATS. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh), thay th\u1ebf ATS \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a IEEE 1547. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam 15-20% v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 2: \u201cS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho PV\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch PV c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n (\u00b12-3% so v\u1edbi \u00b15%), ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean SOC c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 3: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ATS n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n: (1) ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, (2) ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1eafc quy cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c (3) ATS th\u00f4ng minh l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. ATS c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00ednh\u2014c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 4: L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh-\u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ra AC v\u00e0 v\u1ecf n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ecdc g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ohm cho bi\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ecdc &gt;10k\u03a9 ho\u1eb7c \u201cOL\u201d cho bi\u1ebft trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u00ean trong. Tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft\u2014kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng qua \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ATS (C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS ba ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ATS k\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\/\u1eafc quy v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi logic \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng: (1) ATS ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh song song th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, (2) Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft N-G HO\u1eb6C ATS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trung t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, (3) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n, (4) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hai ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 6: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong> theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 80-85V), ATS s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp\u2014ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p AC n\u00e0o. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d so v\u1edbi \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>ATS \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u01a1le 12VDC) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u201cm\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho t\u1ea3i.\u201d Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch s\u1edbm nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ATS c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n\u2014c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o \u1eafc quy duy tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 24px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 24px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Figure 1: VIOX automatic transfer switch professionally installed in a residential hybrid solar system, coordinating battery bank and inverter. Why Solar + Generator Integration Breaks Standard ATS Systems The explosive growth of hybrid solar installations\u2014combining photovoltaic arrays, battery storage, and backup generators\u2014has exposed a critical weakness in conventional automatic transfer switch technology. Property owners investing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21272"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21275,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21272\/revisions\/21275"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}