{"id":21256,"date":"2026-01-08T22:40:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T14:40:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21256"},"modified":"2026-01-08T22:45:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T14:45:13","slug":"ats-circuit-breaker-coordination-guide-icw-selectivity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats-circuit-breaker-coordination-guide-icw-selectivity\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn Ph\u1ed1i H\u1ee3p ATS &amp; Aptomat: Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch Icw &amp; T\u00ednh Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<figure style=\"margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Industrial-automatic-transfer-switch-installation-showing-600A-ATS-with-visible-contacts-and-upstream-circuit-breakers-in-electrical-distribution-room.webp\" alt=\"Industrial 600A ATS installation with visible contacts and upstream circuit breakers in an electrical distribution room\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; color: #555; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.9em;\">H\u00ecnh 1: M\u1ed9t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a VIOX <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats\/\">C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa ATS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ATS B\u1ecf l\u1ee1 Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p Quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean: \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, th\u1eddi gian chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2014c\u01a1n \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ATS. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 khi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa <strong>c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>, <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (Icw)<\/strong>, V\u00e0 <strong>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ATS<\/strong>. Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong \u0111\u00f3 ATS ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 100 mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn 1 gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 3 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u00e0y, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do h\u1ed3 quang ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS-breaker, hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 B, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2014cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 1: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A so v\u1edbi Lo\u1ea1i B: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60947-2 chia b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. <strong>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft t\u1eeb t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac (MCCB) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch thu nh\u1ecf (MCB)\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 10-20 mili gi\u00e2y. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh, n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. Khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A s\u1ebd ng\u1eaft\u2014ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 30px 0; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-comparison-of-Category-A-vs-Category-B-circuit-breakers-showing-internal-components-trip-characteristics-and-Icw-ratings-for-selective-coordination.webp\" alt=\"Technical comparison of Category A vs Category B circuit breakers showing internal components, trip characteristics, and Icw ratings\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; color: #555; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.9em;\">H\u00ecnh 2: So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A (t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi) v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i B (tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n). L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ec5 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Lo\u1ea1i B c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ACB) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/mccb\/\">MCCBs<\/a>\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1eeb 0,05 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,0 gi\u00e2y khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>N\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A<\/th>\n<th>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh Ng\u1eaft<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>T\u1ee9c th\u1eddi (10-20ms)<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (0,05-1,0 gi\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MCB, MCCB ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>\n<td>ACB, MCCB n\u00e2ng cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n\/nh\u00e1nh<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft bus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chi ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>Cao h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/circuit-breaker-ratings-icu-ics-icw-icm\/\">l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ATS<\/a>, v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 Icw (D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng Ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (Icw)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng RMS t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng. IEC 60947-2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 0,05, 0,1, 0,25, 0,5 v\u00e0 1,0 gi\u00e2y, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng trong su\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong khi theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 30px 0; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Detailed-view-of-circuit-breaker-contact-assembly-showing-arc-quenching-and-thermal-distribution-during-short-time-withstand-Icw-operation---VIOX-Electric.webp\" alt=\"Close-up of circuit breaker contact assembly showing arc quenching and thermal distribution\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; color: #555; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.9em;\">H\u00ecnh 3: Xem chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5m ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t (I<sup>2<\/sup>t) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (Icw).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng I<sup>2<\/sup>t l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 thanh c\u00e1i theo b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 50kA duy tr\u00ec trong 0,5 gi\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra 1.250 MJ\/s n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn song song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 v\u00e0i t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u00e9t\u2014c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cong thanh c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u1ee5m ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao Icw l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS<\/strong>: Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n 0,2 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ATS\u2014ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf Icw = 42kA trong 0,5 gi\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 42.000 ampe trong n\u1eeda gi\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ATS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng theo c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u1eaft<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u1ea1m vi Icw \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Th\u1eddi gian Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<th>V\u00ed D\u1ee5 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>MCCB h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>12-50 kA<\/td>\n<td>0,05 gi\u00e2y, 0,1 gi\u00e2y, 0,25 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00ednh t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kh\u00f4ng Ng\u1eaft M\u1ea1ch (PH\u00c2N)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30-100 kA<\/td>\n<td>0,1 gi\u00e2y, 0,25 gi\u00e2y, 0,5 gi\u00e2y, 1,0 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i bus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>ACB nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>50-85 kA<\/td>\n<td>0,25 gi\u00e2y, 0,5 gi\u00e2y, 1,0 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00ednh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o UPS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Icw tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1,0 gi\u00e2y). N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 0,1 gi\u00e2y), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t I<sup>2<\/sup>t \u1edf 0,1 gi\u00e2y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi \u1edf 1,0 gi\u00e2y. Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng I<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>cw \u00d7 t(\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5).<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ee9c Li\u00ean Quan: Icu, Ics v\u00e0 Icm<\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan l\u1eabn nhau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Icu (Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n)<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng RMS t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong IEC 60947-2. Sau khi c\u1eaft \u1edf Icu, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. H\u00e3y coi Icu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u2014b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Icu trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ics (Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ics l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a Icu\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 25%, 50%, 75% ho\u1eb7c 100% t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats-troubleshooting-guide\/\">c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/a> trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 Ics = 100% Icu \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Icm (D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c)<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ATS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Icm v\u00e0 Icu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1: Icm = k \u00d7 Icu, trong \u0111\u00f3 k n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1,5 (tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf) \u0111\u1ebfn 2,2 (tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icu = 50kA \u1edf cos \u03c6 = 0,3, h\u00e3y d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn Icm \u2248 110kA \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed7i Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>: C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng Icu c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Icw khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wiring-automatic-transfer-switch-hybrid-inverter\/\">c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n-ATS-ti\u1ec7n \u00edch<\/a>, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda\u2014b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng Icu), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ATS trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 0,3 gi\u00e2y v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 2: C\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean T\u1eafc Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn L\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ed1i H\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc (Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t) L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong>, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i sao cho ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2014c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p cho hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh chung. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t trong \u00d4 #7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u00d4 #7 m\u1edf ra, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00f4 trong khi m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn \u00f4 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc: <strong>ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ampe ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9) v\u00e0 <strong>ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u1eddi gian<\/strong> (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc D\u00f2ng \u0110i\u1ec7n: Ph\u1ed1i H\u1ee3p T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean Theo C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khai th\u00e1c tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p nh\u00e1nh d\u00e0i 50 m\u00e9t h\u00fat d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e1nh do tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n cao h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\u2014thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh 400A c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh 100A th\u00f4ng qua 75 m\u00e9t c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng 50mm\u00b2. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 35kA, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1p gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 12kA. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u1edf 25kA v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e1nh \u1edf 15kA t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\u2014b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0o h\u00fat \u00edt h\u01a1n 25kA \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 <strong>gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u2014m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n giao nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi (m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p MCCB \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 3-15kA t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n. <strong>Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats-troubleshooting-generator-wont-transfer\/\">b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc Th\u1eddi Gian v\u1edbi Icw: Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1ec5 C\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 \u00dd<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u1eddi gian gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 30px 0; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Technical-diagram-showing-ATS-circuit-breaker-selective-coordination-with-time-delays-Icw-ratings-and-fault-current-paths-in-emergency-power-distribution.webp\" alt=\"Technical diagram showing ATS circuit breaker selective coordination with time delays and Icw ratings\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; color: #555; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.9em;\">H\u00ecnh 4: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh (\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 0,4 gi\u00e2y) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 0,2 gi\u00e2y) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n (t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi), y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Icw \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,1 gi\u00e2y, 0,2 gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c 0,4 gi\u00e2y), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi. Khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f2ng 10-30ms trong khi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1eef \u0111\u00f3ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng<\/strong>: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00f4i<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>cw \u00d7 t(tr\u1ec5)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 I\u00b2<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d7 th\u1eddi gian) v\u00e0 I\u00b2<sup>2<\/sup>cw \u00d7 t(tr\u1ec5) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>C\u1ea5p Ph\u1ed1i H\u1ee3p<\/th>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/th>\n<th>C\u00e0i \u0110\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u1ec5 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<th>Icw Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u @ S\u1ef1 C\u1ed1 30kA<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u1ea5p 3 \u2013 Ngu\u1ed3n C\u1ea5p Ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>ACB 1600A<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 0,4 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>42kA trong 0,5 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u1ea5p 2 \u2013 Ph\u00e2n Ph\u1ed1i Ph\u1ee5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MCCB 400A<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 0,2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>35kA trong 0,25 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u1ea5p 1 \u2013 Nh\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>MCCB 100A<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (Lo\u1ea1i A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 30kA \u1edf C\u1ea5p 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh 100A trong 20ms. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 400A \u0111\u1ee3i 0,2 gi\u00e2y (ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30kA trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,25 gi\u00e2y theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw c\u1ee7a n\u00f3), th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh 1600A \u0111\u1ee3i 0,4 gi\u00e2y (ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30kA trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,5 gi\u00e2y), c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e1nh b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed7i Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>: C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u1eaft t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ATS\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ec5 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<h3>2.4 Ch\u1ecdn L\u1ecdc trong C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Quan Tr\u1ecdng: Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NEC v\u00e0 An To\u00e0n T\u00ednh M\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u 700.28 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia (NEC) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a.\u201d C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong \u0110i\u1ec1u 517 c\u1ee7a NEC cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 708 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ATS. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy t\u1eafc trong ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ATS. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong 1-2 chu k\u1ef3 (16-32ms) trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 40kA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec5 0,3 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p: ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy t\u1eafc khi\u1ebfn ATS ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng 3 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/circuit-breaker-ratings-icu-ics-icw-icm\/\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/a> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec) cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ATS nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 NEC 700.28 v\u1edbi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n\u2014m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n 3: \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ATS v\u00e0 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ea1ch (WCR) c\u1ee7a ATS: Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ea1ch (WCR)<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng (OCPD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u2014n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ATS v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong>ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng 3 chu k\u1ef3<\/strong> (kho\u1ea3ng 50 mili gi\u00e2y \u1edf 60Hz), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong khi OCPD th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c UL 1008 (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc Chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch) \u0111\u01b0a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ATS th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y WCR \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u201dB\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\"<\/strong> ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ATS \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cSCCR 100kA khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi Square D Model HDA36100, khung 100A, chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf 10\u00d7In, v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u201dB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o\"<\/strong> ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ATS \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3 chu k\u1ef3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cSCCR 42kA khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u2265100A v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft t\u1ed1i \u0111a 3 chu k\u1ef3.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb WCR ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10kA \u0111\u1ebfn 100kA, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf 22kA, 42kA, 65kA v\u00e0 85kA t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khung v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khung ATS<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u1ea1m vi WCR 3 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u OCPD ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>30-100A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>10-35 kA<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o, chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>150-400A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>22-65 kA<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>600-1200A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>42-100 kA<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1600-3000A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>65-200 kA<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>: Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o\u201d c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m\u2014n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi ng\u1eaft trong 3 chu k\u1ef3 tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ATS cung c\u1ea5p <strong>c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 30 chu k\u1ef3 (0,5 gi\u00e2y). C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a UL 1008 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n-th\u1eddi gian, trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung n\u1ea1p trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>30kA trong 0,3 gi\u00e2y (18 chu k\u1ef3)<\/li>\n<li>42kA trong 0,2 gi\u00e2y (12 chu k\u1ef3)<\/li>\n<li>50kA trong 0,1 gi\u00e2y (6 chu k\u1ef3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ea1c-vonfram), t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00f2 xo \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, m\u00e1ng h\u1ed3 quang m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed ATS th\u00eam 30-60% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 3 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00eam 20-40%.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c khung l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (\u2265400A) n\u01a1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ba c\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t pha do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1n c\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i c\u1ef1c trung t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 700.28 c\u1ee7a NEC (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p), c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 517 c\u1ee7a NEC, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ea5p III\/IV ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00e0o m\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wiring-automatic-transfer-switch-hybrid-inverter\/\">ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch: Khung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ATS v\u00e0 OCPD th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec3u khung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n 1: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n (Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, ng\u1eaft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong 1-3 chu k\u1ef3 (16-50ms). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ATS r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>WCR c\u1ee7a ATS \u2265 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ATS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cho bi\u1ebft 35kA kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ATS, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS c\u00f3 WCR t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 35kA cho lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u201cb\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o\u201d). ATS kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3m tra 3 chu k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n 2: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian (Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 0,1 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5 gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. Trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, ATS ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>ATS ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ATS \u2265 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u2265 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> cho th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00e1c minh I\u00b2t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<sup>2<\/sup>: I\u00b2t<\/strong>cw(b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch) \u00d7 t(\u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5) V\u00c0 I\u00b2t<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>cw(ATS) \u00d7 t(\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c)<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS 600A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi ACB 800A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn 0,3 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ATS l\u00e0 42kA t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec7n \u00edch. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: An engineer specifies a 600A ATS protected by an 800A ACB configured with 0.3s short-time delay for downstream coordination. Available fault current at the ATS location is 42kA from the utility source. Required specifications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ATS: Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 42kA trong 0.3s (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch I\u00b2t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7)<sup>2<\/sup>ACB: Icw \u2265 42kA trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0.3s (Icw = 50kA trong 0.5s l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7)<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c minh: (42kA)\u00b2 \u00d7 0.3s = 529 MJ\/s &lt; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng I\u00b2t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ATS<\/li>\n<li>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<sup>2<\/sup> B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lo\u1ea1i A<sup>2<\/sup>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian lo\u1ea1i B<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS<\/th>\n<th>WCR ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 chu k\u1ef3<\/th>\n<th>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u WCR \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u2014y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch I\u00b2t<\/td>\n<td>30-60% cao h\u01a1n cho ATS ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>R\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p\u2014\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<sup>2<\/sup>Cao h\u01a1n\u2014y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chi ph\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3.4 C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra sai trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<td>H\u00ecnh 5: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch song song cho th\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. B\u00ean tr\u00e1i: ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t sau khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i: ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 50ms c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>V\u00ed D\u1ee5 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Sau khi xem x\u00e9t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ATS v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady:<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ed7i 1: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 0.2s nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ATS t\u1eeb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. Trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ATS b\u1ecb h\u00e0n d\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do h\u1ed3 quang v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong 200ms\u2014g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/h3>\n<figure style=\"margin: 30px 0; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Comparison-diagram-illustrating-correct-vs-incorrect-ATS-circuit-breaker-coordination-showing-proper-short-time-rated-ATS-versus-standard-ATS-failure-scenarios---VIOX-Electric.webp\" alt=\"Comparison diagram illustrating correct versus incorrect ATS circuit breaker coordination scenarios\" \/><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; color: #555; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.9em;\">L\u1ed7i 2: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u SCCR kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>NEC 110.24 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ATS, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ATS v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh OCPD th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3), h\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed7i 3: B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc NEC 700.28 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/strong>. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng NEC 700.28 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch (t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n). Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed7i 4: Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/strong>. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 4-10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch do \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t ATS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 65kA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y 52kA t\u1eeb ti\u1ec7n \u00edch nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 15kA t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>. t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p><strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ATS n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ATS cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t OCPD duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t PE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/strong>. Ph\u1ea7n 4: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wiring-automatic-transfer-switch-hybrid-inverter\/\">4.1 Quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a> Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS-b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady:.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ATS.<\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ATS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1p, tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ngu\u1ed3n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (SKM PowerTools, ETAP, EASYPOWER) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng theo IEEE 141 (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf).<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (NEC \u0110i\u1ec1u 700, 517, 708), th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb (c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng) hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chung). Ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t OCPD th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p:.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>: B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch lo\u1ea1i A l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p\u2014\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Chuy\u1ec3n sang B\u01b0\u1edbc 4 v\u1edbi x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch lo\u1ea1i B. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (0.1s, 0.2s, 0.4s) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh OCPD<\/strong>Tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00e9o l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn OCPD v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS:.<\/li>\n<li><strong>OCPD tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian \u2192 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: Ch\u1ecdn ATS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u2265 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1eddi gian \u2265 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 0.2s y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ATS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0.2s (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch I\u00b2t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>OCPD t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u2192 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 chu k\u1ef3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>: X\u00e1c minh WCR c\u1ee7a ATS \u2265 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \"b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o\" ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn OCPD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: X\u00e1c minh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u<\/strong>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u00f4ng qua ATS \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p t\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. V\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp. X\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0.1s gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u2265 1.6:1 cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n). Ki\u1ec3m tra xem kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giao \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<sup>2<\/sup>4.2 C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00f2 quay th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS v\u00e0 OCPD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \"\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh\". D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ngu\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i 20% trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i 30% trong d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ghi l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i OCPD, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>. T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cATS Model XYZ \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c SCCR 65kA ch\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi Breaker Model ABC, khung 800A, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t: Ir=0.9\u00d7In, Isd=8\u00d7Ir, tsd=0.2s, Ii=OFF (t\u1eaft t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi).\u201d Bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo NEC 110.24 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa.<\/h3>\n<p>Xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/p>\n<p><strong>Always conduct comprehensive short-circuit study before specifying ATS and OCPDs<\/strong>. Never rely on rule-of-thumb estimates or \u201ctypical\u201d values. Available fault current varies dramatically based on utility capacity, transformer size, cable length, and source impedance. A 2% error in impedance calculation can produce a 30% error in fault current, potentially invalidating all protective device ratings.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Document OCPD type, settings, and ATS rating relationship in construction documents<\/strong>. Create a protection coordination report that explicitly states: \u201cATS Model XYZ rated 65kA SCCR is valid ONLY when protected by Breaker Model ABC, 800A frame, with settings: Ir=0.9\u00d7In, Isd=8\u00d7Ir, tsd=0.2s, Ii=OFF (instantaneous disabled).\u201d Include this information on one-line diagrams and panel schedules. Field-mark equipment per NEC 110.24 with dependency noted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Consider future load growth and fault level changes<\/strong>. D\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 20-30% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong\u2014t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. Tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 xem c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t OCPD \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Chi ph\u00ed-L\u1ee3i \u00edch: \u0110\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i Th\u00f4ng minh<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 30-60% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf?<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/strong> khi ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc NEC 700.28<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 517 c\u1ee7a NEC (khu v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng (COPS) theo \u0110i\u1ec1u 708 c\u1ee7a NEC<\/li>\n<li>Trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ea5p III\/IV<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao<\/strong> khi ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 $10.000\/gi\u1edd<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wiring-automatic-transfer-switch-hybrid-inverter\/\">c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c song song m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a> h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong>: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec lo\u1ea1i J, L ho\u1eb7c RK1 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ATS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf sau khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n<\/strong>: Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i ATS, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Li\u00ean kh\u00f3a ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng (ZSI)<\/strong>: Giao ti\u1ebfp n\u00e2ng cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng minh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u1edf h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u201ch\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i: T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h3>4.4 H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt VIOX: T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>VIOX Electric nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS-b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/circuit-breaker-ratings-icu-ics-icw-icm\/\">c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ats-troubleshooting-guide\/\">ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/a>, V\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wiring-automatic-transfer-switch-hybrid-inverter\/\">chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n-ATS<\/a>. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, VIOX cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c minh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c SCCR v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc NEC. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a VIOX \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i quan tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 1: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i B l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd\u2014ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10-20ms). B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (0,05-1,0 gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u00fang mang \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh; B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft bus n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn m\u1edbi mang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Icw. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 chu k\u1ef3 (50ms) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u1eaft t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong v\u00f2ng 3 chu k\u1ef3. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ec5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 chu k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00e1pt\u00f4m\u00e1t tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng\u2014\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nguy hi\u1ec3m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i ATS. M\u1ed9t ATS ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 3 pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong kho\u1ea3ng 50 mili gi\u00e2y trong khi b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (breaker) ph\u00eda tr\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 0,2 gi\u00e2y (200 mili gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ATS s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do h\u1ed3 quang ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n xem ATS c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (I\u00b2t) t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ATS: I\u00b2cw(ATS) \u00d7 t(\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 40kA v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 0,3 gi\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra I\u00b2t = (40kA)\u00b2 \u00d7 0,3 gi\u00e2y = 480 MJ\/gi\u00e2y. ATS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u2265 40kA trong \u2265 0,3 gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Icw \u2265 40kA trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0,3 gi\u00e2y. Lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n 10-20% trong c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0y.<sup>2<\/sup>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi 5: \"Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ATS?<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>cw(ATS) \u00d7 t(\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c)<sup>2<\/sup>t(s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1) &lt; I<sup>2<\/sup>ATS \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c khi: (1) B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i B) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c (2) Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt NEC ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n minh cho m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi ph\u00ed 30-60%.<sup>2<\/sup>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS &amp; B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Icw &amp; T\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<sup>2<\/sup> L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ATS 600A c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n trong ph\u00f2ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch Lo\u1ea1i A so v\u1edbi Lo\u1ea1i B cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Icw<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ATS, ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014aptomat ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ATS v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng, duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a aptomat, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ATS. \u0110i\u1ec1u 700.28 c\u1ee7a NEC quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ATS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q6: Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ATS c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1ea2nh c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5m ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q7: Tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ATS nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Do c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 4-10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi do \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c). ATS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong hai ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 1456.2px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 1456.2px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: -31.5px; left: 54.0078px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: -31.5px; left: 54.0078px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3111.38px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3111.38px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Figure 1: A professional installation of a VIOX Automatic Transfer Switch illustrating the critical physical relationship between the ATS and upstream protection devices in a distribution environment. Why Most ATS Specifications Miss the Critical Coordination Factor When specifying an automatic transfer switch, most electrical engineers focus on the obvious parameters: continuous current rating, transfer time, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21256"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21259,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21256\/revisions\/21259"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}