{"id":21187,"date":"2026-01-05T00:35:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T16:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21187"},"modified":"2026-01-05T00:35:04","modified_gmt":"2026-01-04T16:35:04","slug":"ev-charger-circuit-breaker-sizing-guide-7kw-22kw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ev-charger-circuit-breaker-sizing-guide-7kw-22kw\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch c\u1ee1 Aptomat (MCB) cho tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 7kW &amp; 22kW | VIOX"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV Charger) kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n<p>Khi th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng sang c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c: <strong>aptomat (circuit breaker) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y r\u1eeda b\u00e1t b\u1eadt t\u1eaft theo chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 3-8 gi\u1edd - \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Theo c\u1ea3 hai <strong>NEC (National Electrical Code - Quy chu\u1ea9n \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia) \u0110i\u1ec1u 625<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>IEC 60364-7-722<\/strong> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea3i n\u00e0o d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea1y trong ba gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecf qua. Quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c Aptomat T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u = D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u00d7 1,25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,25 n\u00e0y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m aptomat, thanh c\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c aptomat ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 80% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n 30A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00fat d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong 45 ph\u00fat, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m aptomat ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n 32A duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 32A \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u0103m gi\u1edd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c qua \u0111\u00eam. S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao <strong>vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp ampe c\u1ee7a aptomat v\u1edbi ampe c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t - v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t pha 7kW:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t: 7.000W<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: 230V (IEC) ho\u1eb7c 240V (NEC)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c: 7.000W \u00f7 230V = <strong>30,4A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: 30,4A \u00d7 1,25 = <strong>38A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo: <strong>40A<\/strong> \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ba pha 22kW:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t: 22.000W<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: 400V ba pha (IEC)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha: 22.000W \u00f7 (\u221a3 \u00d7 400V) = <strong>31,7A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: 31,7A \u00d7 1,25 = <strong>39,6A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo: <strong>40A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1ef1c<\/strong> \u2713<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Circuit-breaker-thermal-loading-comparison-intermittent-vs-continuous-EV-charging-loads.webp\" alt=\"Circuit breaker thermal loading comparison: intermittent vs continuous EV charging loads\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>So s\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a aptomat: T\u1ea3i h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW v\u00e0 22kW, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u aptomat 40A - s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c (2P so v\u1edbi 3P\/4P) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ampe. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ba pha.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n 7kW: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea5p s\u1ea1c 7kW th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y qua \u0111\u00eam cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch trong khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p:<\/strong> 230V m\u1ed9t pha (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng IEC) \/ 240V (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng NEC)<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c:<\/strong> 30,4A (\u1edf 230V) ho\u1eb7c 29,2A (\u1edf 240V)<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,25 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 38A<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aptomat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong> <strong>40A (KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I 32A)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> 25-30 d\u1eb7m ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao 40A, Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 32A?<\/h3>\n<p>Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m dai d\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 32A c\u1ea7n aptomat 32A\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> v\u1edbi <strong>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong aptomat trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u00e1c T\u00edch T\u1ee5 Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua d\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kim ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a aptomat<\/li>\n<li>Gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea3n v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc xung quanh<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 80% (t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c), nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t - tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 100%, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t - nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Aptomat thu nh\u1ecf VIOX k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <strong>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ea1c<\/strong> gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1eeb 15-20% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u00e0i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 1,25 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ecdn aptomat 32A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 32A, h\u1ecd \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh aptomat \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c aptomat s\u1ebd ng\u1eaft trong v\u00f2ng 60-90 ph\u00fat trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y - kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 do b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c aptomat 32A trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t 7kW b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng trong v\u00f2ng 18-24 th\u00e1ng do m\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh 1P+N v\u00e0 2P ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>MCB 1P+N (c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trung t\u00ednh):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t TN-S v\u00e0 TN-C-S<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y pha v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh (BS 7671) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng IEC<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch ly c\u1ea3 hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>MCB 2P (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 pha-pha):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t NEC v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 L1 v\u00e0 L2 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pha t\u00e1ch 240V<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi 1P+N do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i MCB ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y xem <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-to-choose-the-right-miniature-circuit-breaker\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea7u dao thu nh\u1ecf<\/a>. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng (MCB) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t (RCD)\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcd-vs-mcb-understanding-the-key-differences-in-electrical-protection-devices\/\">hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa RCD v\u00e0 MCB<\/a> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h3>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u dao ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh\u2014k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u dao \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee5t \u00e1p:<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 7kW (chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u226420m):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> 6mm\u00b2 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 AWG)<\/li>\n<li>C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: 41A (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1eb9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp C)<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p: &lt;1,5% \u1edf 30,4A tr\u00ean 20m<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed: V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t 7kW c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 11kW):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> 10mm\u00b2 (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 AWG)<\/li>\n<li>C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: 57A (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1eb9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp C)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 48A (11kW) trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i d\u00e2y l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p: &lt;1% \u1edf 30,4A tr\u00ean 30m<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed: +30% v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111i d\u00e2y l\u1ea1i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i (&gt;20m):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ee5t \u00e1p tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng 10mm\u00b2<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 16mm\u00b2 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 40m<\/li>\n<li>Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u00e3y di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/100a-panel-ev-charger-upgrade\/\">n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng 100A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV<\/a>, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV 22kW: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i &amp; hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/h2>\n<h3>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea5p 22kW ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea1m s\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p, n\u01a1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00f2ng nhanh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t pha, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t 22kW y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha\u2014m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p:<\/strong> Ba pha 400V (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng IEC) \/ Ba pha 208V (th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i NEC)<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha:<\/strong> 31,7A \u1edf 400V ho\u1eb7c 61A \u1edf 208V<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1,25 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 39,6A (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 400V)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aptomat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb:<\/strong> <strong>40A 3P ho\u1eb7c 4P<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/strong> 75-90 d\u1eb7m ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 400V v\u00e0 208V minh h\u1ecda l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ba pha \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u0169 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9) g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c EV. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 208V y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u dao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ba pha<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c EV c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 22kW m\u1ed9t pha: S\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ~95A \u1edf 230V (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf)<\/li>\n<li>Ba pha 22kW: Ch\u1ec9 31,7A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha \u1edf 400V<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee1 d\u00e2y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t I\u00b2R tr\u00ean to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/li>\n<li>Cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 22kW t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ba pha duy nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t pha (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/li>\n<li>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ba pha, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t pha<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\/th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1edbn: Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ba pha \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee5<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p: Ba pha c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, hi\u1ebfm \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t pha, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u201cd\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh\u201d n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 <strong>L1, L2, L3 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh<\/strong>, v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha thay v\u00ec pha-trung t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao 22kW kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 63A<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 dai d\u1eb3ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sai logic d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u201cb\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 32A = c\u1ea7u dao 40A\u201d cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ba pha. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p>\u274c <strong>Logic kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u201cB\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t pha 7kW h\u00fat 30A v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u dao 40A, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 22kW (g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t) c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u dao g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n: 120A ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 100A.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2713 <strong>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>22.000W \u00f7 (\u221a3 \u00d7 400V) = <strong>31,7A m\u1ed7i pha<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>31,7A \u00d7 1,25 = 39,6A<\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo: <strong>Aptomat 40A<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: <strong>C\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ba pha 22kW y\u00eau c\u1ea7u aptomat 40A, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 63A<\/strong>. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 63A xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Khi N\u00e0o 63A L\u00e0 Ph\u00f9 H\u1ee3p:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p ch\u1ea1y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 50 m\u00e9t v\u1edbi s\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh lu\u00f4n tr\u00ean 40\u00b0C (104\u00b0F)<\/li>\n<li>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng 44kW (b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c k\u00e9p)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc khu v\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 150% ho\u1eb7c 160% (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Khi N\u00e0o 63A L\u00e0 L\u00e3ng Ph\u00ed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 22kW, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p ch\u1ea1y &lt;30m, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n h\u00f2a<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c aptomat ch\u00ednh 80A ho\u1eb7c 100A \u1edf ngu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch an to\u00e0n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-is-a-molded-case-circuit-breaker-mccb\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt MCCB<\/a>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/residential-circuit-breakers-vs-industrial-circuit-breakers\/\">So s\u00e1nh aptomat d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa MCB v\u00e0 MCCB li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec3m Quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ecbnh MCB so v\u1edbi MCCB<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t 22kW ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, <strong>MCB l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed<\/strong>. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean MCCB n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e2ng C\u1ea5p L\u00ean MCCB Khi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Nhi\u1ec1u B\u1ed9 S\u1ea1c tr\u00ean C\u01a1 S\u1edf H\u1ea1 T\u1ea7ng Chia S\u1ebb<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Tri\u1ec3n khai 3+ b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1eafc Nghi\u1ec7t<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t (-40\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn +70\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi phun mu\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ecf MCCB cung c\u1ea5p x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng IP v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (IP65\/IP67 so v\u1edbi IP20 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a MCB)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00edch H\u1ee3p H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd T\u00f2a Nh\u00e0<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng SCADA ho\u1eb7c BAS hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/li>\n<li>Giao ti\u1ebfp Modbus RTU\/TCP \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb xa cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhu c\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng MCB Khi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9p<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh MCCB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/mcb\/\">MCB VIOX<\/a> k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng <strong>nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb<\/strong> nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/mccb\/\">MCCB<\/a> d\u00f2ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60898-1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c (10kA cho MCB d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 25kA cho MCB c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea1c EV \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/7kW-single-phase-vs-22kW-three-phase-EV-charger-circuit-breaker-configuration-comparison-diagram.webp\" alt=\"7kW single-phase vs 22kW three-phase EV charger circuit breaker configuration comparison diagram\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>So s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt song song c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV m\u1ed9t pha 7kW v\u00e0 ba pha 22kW.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>V\u01b0\u1ee3t Ra Ngo\u00e0i Qu\u00e1 D\u00f2ng: T\u1ea1i Sao RCD L\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Th\u1ec3 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <strong>qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng<\/strong> (qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch). Ch\u00fang theo d\u00f5i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p <strong>b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1c EV: d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m v\u1ea5p MCB.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng G\u00ec MCB Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 5-10 \u00d7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 DC (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea1c EV)<\/li>\n<li>L\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t trong khung xe ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1p s\u1ea1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f <strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 (RCD)<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. RCD li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y pha v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 30mA (I\u0394n = 30mA \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) cho th\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u2014c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2014v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi trong v\u00f2ng 30ms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u RCD d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u <strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 DC<\/strong> c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 RCD Lo\u1ea1i A ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u trong b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c tr\u00ean xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a l\u00f5i t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a RCD Lo\u1ea1i A, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RCD Lo\u1ea1i A:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 AC<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li>dr. tr\u01b0\u1edbc <strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 DC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>RCD Lo\u1ea1i B:<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 AC v\u00e0 DC<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 61851-1<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n DC tr\u01a1n (ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 6mA) v\u00e0 DC xung<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi Lo\u1ea1i A (cao h\u01a1n 3-5 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n<li>\u2713 <strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>RCD Lo\u1ea1i F:<\/strong> Lo\u1ea1i A n\u00e2ng cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 1kHz<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho VFD v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<li>dr. tr\u01b0\u1edbc <strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n DC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i RCD d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed-l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t RDC-DD, h\u00e3y xem h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb-ev-charging-type-b-vs-type-f-vs-type-ev\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 RCCB Lo\u1ea1i B so v\u1edbi Lo\u1ea1i F so v\u1edbi Lo\u1ea1i EV<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p><strong>RCBO (Aptomat ch\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng)<\/strong> t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng RCD v\u00e0 MCB trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un DIN rail duy nh\u1ea5t, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u01afu:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian:<\/strong> Chi\u1ebfm 2-4 m\u00f4-\u0111un DIN rail so v\u1edbi 4-6 cho RCD+MCB ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n, \u00edt k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc:<\/strong> L\u1ed7i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch EV kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> Quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n:<\/strong> Cao h\u01a1n 2-3 l\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a RCD v\u00e0 MCB ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec:<\/strong> L\u1ed7i ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1eaft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> RCBO Lo\u1ea1i B l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong> L\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c (s\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, tr\u1ea1m xe), <strong>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean k\u1ebft RCD d\u00f9ng chung<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t RCD Lo\u1ea1i B b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng MCB. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i DC t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Xem c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rcbo-vs-afdd-difference-guide\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 RCBO so v\u1edbi AFDD<\/a> cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Complete-EV-charger-protection-system-architecture-MCB-overcurrent-and-RCD-earth-leakage-protection.webp\" alt=\"Complete EV charger protection system architecture: MCB overcurrent and RCD earth leakage protection\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 theo l\u1edbp v\u1edbi MCB \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 RCD Lo\u1ea1i B \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 100A (Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2000):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng: 100A \u00d7 240V = 24kW<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (quy t\u1eafc 80%): 19,2kW<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 12-15kW (HVAC, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> ~4-7kW<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean \u00e1n:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW, n\u00ean n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 200A (Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u00e0 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng: 200A \u00d7 240V = 48kW<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: 38,4kW<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh: 15-20kW<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> ~18-23kW<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eddi tuy\u00ean \u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ee7 cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 11kW v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh To\u00e1n T\u1ea3i (\u0110i\u1ec1u 220 NEC \/ IEC 60364-3):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng chung v\u00e0 \u1ed5 c\u1eafm (3 VA\/ft\u00b2 ho\u1eb7c 33 VA\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u theo b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV \u1edf m\u1ee9c 125% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW = t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 8.75kW)<\/li>\n<li>So s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 80% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (200A ho\u1eb7c 400A)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i (s\u1ea1c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1)<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c (22kW \u2192 11kW \u2192 7kW)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c EV, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/100a-panel-ev-charger-upgrade\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 100A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c EV<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed-l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<h3>Gi\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ee9c do Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 <strong>30\u00b0C (86\u00b0F)<\/strong>. C\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 do nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1ec7 S\u1ed1 Gi\u1ea3m \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ee9c IEC 60898-1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>30\u00b0C (86\u00b0F): 1.0 (kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n<li>40\u00b0C (104\u00b0F): 0.91 (nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi 0.91)<\/li>\n<li>50\u00b0C (122\u00b0F): 0.82<\/li>\n<li>60\u00b0C (140\u00b0F): 0.71<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c T\u00ecnh Hu\u1ed1ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u1ed9 S\u1ea1c Ngo\u00e0i Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o M\u00f9a H\u00e8 \u1edf Arizona:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: 45\u00b0C (113\u00b0F)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: ~0.86<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 40A: 40A \u00d7 0.86 = 34.4A<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW: 30.4A<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 50A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3ng \u0110i\u1ec7n K\u00edn, \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 55\u00b0C (131\u00b0F)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: ~0.76<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 40A: 40A \u00d7 0.76 = 30.4A<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW: 30.4A<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng\u2014b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 50A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u1eafp \u0110\u1eb7t Trong Nh\u00e0 C\u00f3 Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Kh\u00ed H\u1eadu:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh 22\u00b0C (72\u00b0F)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c: 1.05 (t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9)<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch VIOX s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ea1c-vonfram<\/strong> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i (410 W\/m\u00b7K so v\u1edbi 385 W\/m\u00b7K \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1eeb 8-12\u00b0C d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, mang l\u1ea1i bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quy t\u1eafc v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00f4-men Xo\u1eafn \u0110\u1ea7u N\u1ed1i: \u0110i\u1ec3m H\u1ecfng H\u00f3c \u1ea8n<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng <strong>m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm 30-40% c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch s\u1edbm<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea1c EV\u2014nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 lan r\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Si\u1ebft Ch\u01b0a \u0110\u1ee7 L\u1ef1c (L\u1ed7i Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac cao t\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>Gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t I\u00b2R)<\/li>\n<li>Oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa (v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t cho v\u1ecf b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c thanh c\u00e1i<\/li>\n<li>Nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Si\u1ebft Qu\u00e1 L\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u1ee9t v\u1ecf kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf v\u1ecf polycarbonate)<\/li>\n<li>Tu\u1ed9t ren trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thau<\/li>\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn g\u00e2y l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Th\u00f4ng S\u1ed1 K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt M\u00f4-men Xo\u1eafn \u0110\u1ea7u N\u1ed1i VIOX:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ee9c B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eaft M\u1ea1ch<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4-men Xo\u1eafn \u0110\u1ea7u N\u1ed1i<\/th>\n<th>K\u00edch Th\u01b0\u1edbc D\u00e2y D\u1eabn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>MCB 16-25A<\/td>\n<td>2.0 N\u00b7m<\/td>\n<td>2.5-10mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MCB 32-63A<\/td>\n<td>2,5 N\u00b7m<\/td>\n<td>6-16mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MCB 80-125A<\/td>\n<td>3,5 N\u00b7m<\/td>\n<td>10-35mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Tu\u1ed1t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 12mm)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1eafm ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed1c n\u01a1 v\u00edt \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c minh l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed1c n\u01a1 v\u00edt gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan\u2014kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0o b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c si\u1ebft sau 10 ph\u00fat (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Proper-terminal-torque-application-on-VIOX-MCB-for-EV-charger-installation.webp\" alt=\"Proper terminal torque application on VIOX MCB for EV charger installation\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho MCB VIOX b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u201c\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y mai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1p cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng 10mm\u00b2 cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 11kW trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i d\u00e2y l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<li>16mm\u00b2 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean 22kW (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ba pha)<\/li>\n<li>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn: T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 32mm (1.25\u2033) cho ba d\u00e2y d\u1eabn + d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e2y k\u00e9o: Lu\u00f4n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng gian ray DIN li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 cho m\u1ea1ch s\u1ea1c th\u1ee9 hai<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng 30-40%<\/li>\n<li>Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed5 sung trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chia bus t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch EV kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng minh:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111o kWh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u1ea1ch)<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u1eaft\/\u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb xa cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhu c\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh (HEMS)<\/li>\n<li>Giao th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp: Modbus RTU, KNX ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chi ph\u00ed gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 (6mm\u00b2 \u2192 10mm\u00b2) cao h\u01a1n 30-40% chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 100% chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng \u0111i d\u00e2y l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u2014m\u1ed9t ROI h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<h2>Tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh: Ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 7kW so v\u1edbi 22kW<\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<th>7kW M\u1ed9t pha<\/th>\n<th>22kW Ba pha<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>230V (IEC) \/ 240V (NEC)<\/td>\n<td>400V 3 pha (IEC) \/ 208V 3 pha (NEC)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30.4A (230V) \/ 29.2A (240V)<\/td>\n<td>31.7A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha (400V) \/ 61A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha (208V)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00d7 1.25 (quy t\u1eafc 125%)<\/td>\n<td>\u00d7 1.25 (quy t\u1eafc 125%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>38A<\/td>\n<td>39.6A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>40A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>40A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>S\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2P (NEC) \/ 1P+N (IEC)<\/td>\n<td>3P ho\u1eb7c 4P (c\u00f3 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i RCD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i B, 30mA<\/td>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i B, 30mA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (\u0110\u1ed3ng)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6mm\u00b2 (\u226420m) \/ 10mm\u00b2 (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai)<\/td>\n<td>10mm\u00b2 ho\u1eb7c 16mm\u00b2 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (Nh\u00f4m)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>10mm\u00b2 (\u226420m) \/ 16mm\u00b2 (\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai)<\/td>\n<td>16mm\u00b2 ho\u1eb7c 25mm\u00b2 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Th\u1eddi gian l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t (Gi\u1edd)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3-5 gi\u1edd<\/td>\n<td>6-10 gi\u1edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>200-400 \u0111\u00f4 la (MCB+RCD+d\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<td>500-900 \u0111\u00f4 la (MCB 3P+RCD lo\u1ea1i B+d\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>S\u1ea1c qua \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0<\/td>\n<td>Lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n nhanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\/\u0111\u1ed9i xe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i si\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf (32A), thi\u1ebfu RCD<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng pha, ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (63A), s\u1ee5t \u00e1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>5 L\u1ed7i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m khi ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Gh\u00e9p b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong> L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t aptomat 32A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 32A (7kW) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i sai:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t aptomat 32A ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 32A li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3y aptomat g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu trong v\u00f2ng 60-90 ph\u00fat. Aptomat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 80%, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> H\u1ecfng aptomat s\u1edbm (tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 18-24 th\u00e1ng so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn 10+ n\u0103m), h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c thanh c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i khi tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea1c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. Chi ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p 3-5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u do c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h3>2. B\u1ecf qua h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong> T\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 1,25, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu bi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i sai:<\/strong> C\u1ea3 \u0110i\u1ec1u 625.41 c\u1ee7a NEC v\u00e0 IEC 60364-7-722 \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 125% cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec t\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (&gt;3 gi\u1edd). \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a aptomat d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u (h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong s\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cao bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2014lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>3. T\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0110\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n\u201d<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong> L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t aptomat 63A ho\u1eb7c 80A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft\u201d, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n lu\u00f4n an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i sai:<\/strong> Aptomat qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o ra hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang vi ph\u1ea1m <strong>ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u2014n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, aptomat qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi aptomat ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eaft, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thay v\u00ec t\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Th\u1ee9 hai, aptomat l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng <strong>n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u PPE \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> T\u0103ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi nh\u00e3n nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (NFPA 70E), ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u1ebfu aptomat kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. NEC c\u1ea5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>4. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aptomat lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh MCB c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft 10kA ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 22kW m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i sai:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cao h\u01a1n (15kA-25kA) so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng (5kA-10kA) do m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t aptomat c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft (Icu) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec ng\u1eaft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> N\u1ed5 aptomat trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p l\u1edbn cho t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 theo NEC 110.24 ho\u1eb7c IEC 60909, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c aptomat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 25%.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Qu\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 RCD<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t MCB \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam RCD (RCCB) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c chi ph\u00ed ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i sai:<\/strong> MCB ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng\u2014ch\u00fang \u0111o t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u1eaft khi n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i <strong>d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t<\/strong>, x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t (c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi). B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t do khung d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a RCD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> Nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra h\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 RCD l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed5 c\u1eafm v\u00e0 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n theo IEC 60364-7-722 \/ NEC 625.22), b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u1ecb v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng\u2014kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Correct-vs-incorrect-circuit-breaker-sizing-for-EV-charger-continuous-load-application.webp\" alt=\"Correct vs incorrect circuit breaker sizing for EV charger continuous load application\" \/><figcaption style=\"margin-top: 10px;\"><i>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u1ee9ng minh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat \u0111\u00fang so v\u1edbi sai: B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 32A y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 40A \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 125%.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 125% kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n t\u00f9y \u00fd\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p nhanh ch\u00f3ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1edf m\u1ed1c 18-36 th\u00e1ng khi ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 aptomat ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp ampe \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> T\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e3:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a NEC\/IEC t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh pha:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t pha so v\u1edbi ba pha<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp:<\/strong> K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng (MCB\/MCCB) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5t (RCD)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>VIOX Electric thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ea1c, t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ng\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c aptomat th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch\u2014h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u01b0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn aptomat, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a VIOX cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n<h3>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u dao 32A cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n 7kW (32A) kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW \u1edf 230V ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 30,4A, nh\u01b0ng quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 125% c\u1ee7a NEC y\u00eau c\u1ea7u aptomat ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30,4A \u00d7 1,25 = 38A. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc aptomat ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 <strong>40A<\/strong>. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aptomat 32A s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean s\u1ea1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng 60-90 ph\u00fat, v\u00ec aptomat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 100% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay v\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 80% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra h\u1ecfng aptomat s\u1edbm trong c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa MCB v\u00e0 MCCB \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>MCB (Aptomat thu nh\u1ecf)<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 125A v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft 6kA-25kA, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 (b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c \u0111\u01a1n 7kW-22kW). Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. <strong>MCCB (B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac)<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft cao h\u01a1n (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 150kA) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2500A, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 22kW \u0111\u01a1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, MCB l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7; n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean MCCB khi tri\u1ec3n khai 3+ b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp. Xem c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/fuse-vs-mcb-response-time\/\">So s\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i MCCB so v\u1edbi MCB<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch 4 c\u1ef1c cho b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 22kW kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t <strong>Aptomat 3 c\u1ef1c (3P)<\/strong> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ba d\u00e2y d\u1eabn pha (L1, L2, L3) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\u2014\u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ba pha thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. M\u1ed9t <strong>Aptomat 4 c\u1ef1c (4P)<\/strong> th\u00eam b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi: (1) c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00ednh (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Anh\/IEC), (2) b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trung t\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 230V ho\u1eb7c (3) d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eeb t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i 22kW \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng IEC \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aptomat 4P; C\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t NEC th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 3P v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trung t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 7kW c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m nh\u1ea3y CB 32A?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn aptomat c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec aptomat \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 100% \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 30,4A tr\u00ean aptomat 32A), khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ng\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kim nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. Aptomat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mang 80% d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra ng\u1eaft qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean m\u1ed9t <strong>Aptomat 40A<\/strong> (30,4A \u00d7 1,25 = 38A, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 40A), cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i 30,4A ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 76% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t aptomat\u2014n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. X\u00e1c minh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 6mm\u00b2) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c aptomat.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00f3i chung <strong>KH\u00d4NG<\/strong>\u2014m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi aptomat v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh: (1) <strong>NEC 625.41<\/strong> coi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 125%; k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u aptomat l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, (2) s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u xe s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, (3) c\u00e1ch ly s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m\u2014m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1c. <strong>Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7:<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo NEC 625.42. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c k\u00e9p d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, hai m\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u00f4i c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i RCD n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>RCD lo\u1ea1i B<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y 30mA) l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 RCD lo\u1ea1i A ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 AC, RCD lo\u1ea1i B ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 AC v\u00e0 DC\u2014r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c tr\u00ean xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 DC. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i DC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e3o h\u00f2a l\u00f5i t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a RCD lo\u1ea1i A, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. IEC 61851-1 (ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i DC lo\u1ea1i B ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 RCD lo\u1ea1i B c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n 3-5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i A, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un RCD-DD (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i DC) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n RCD lo\u1ea1i B so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i A so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i EV, h\u00e3y xem c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/rccb-ev-charging-type-b-vs-type-f-vs-type-ev\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn RCCB \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cho c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh?<\/h3>\n<p>Tu\u00e2n theo quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc sau cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o: <strong>(1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c:<\/strong> Chia c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c 11kW \u1edf 240V \u2192 11.000W \u00f7 240V = 45,8A. <strong>(2) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 125%:<\/strong> Nh\u00e2n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c v\u1edbi 1,25. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 45,8A \u00d7 1,25 = 57,3A. <strong>(3) L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n l\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u dao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo:<\/strong> Theo NEC 240.6(A), c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100A\u2026 V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 57,3A l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n l\u00ean <strong>C\u1ea7u dao 60A<\/strong>. <strong>(4) X\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u dao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u1ea7u dao 60A y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng 6 AWG (75\u00b0C). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c ba pha, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i pha: 22kW \u1edf 400V 3 pha \u2192 22.000W \u00f7 (\u221a3 \u00d7 400V) = 31,7A tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i pha \u00d7 1,25 = 39,6A \u2192 <strong>Aptomat 40A<\/strong>. Lu\u00f4n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 125% ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n\u2014kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hai l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why EV Chargers Aren&#8217;t Like Other Appliances When installers transition from traditional residential work to EV charging infrastructure, one critical difference becomes immediately apparent: circuit breakers must be sized differently for continuous loads. Unlike a dishwasher that cycles on and off or a dryer that runs for an hour, electric vehicle chargers operate at sustained [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21187"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21190,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21187\/revisions\/21190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}