{"id":21124,"date":"2025-12-31T10:16:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T02:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21124"},"modified":"2025-12-31T10:16:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T02:16:23","slug":"glass-fuse-vs-ceramic-fuse-safety-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/glass-fuse-vs-ceramic-fuse-safety-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea1m b\u1eaby minh b\u1ea1ch: T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh \u201ctrong su\u1ed1t\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/b><\/p>\n

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S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ec7n L\u1ee3i Ch\u1ebft Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n

M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n m\u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u0103n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 6,3 \u00d7 32mm\u2014ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ampe ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: 10A. N\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng t\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t? N\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong. L\u1ea7n t\u1edbi n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 h\u1ecfng, b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 thu nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 480V c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u00e0 mang c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i l\u00e0m b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eafn c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau thanh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cC\u00e1i B\u1eaby Trong Su\u1ed1t\u201d<\/b>\u2014gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\"Dangerous
H\u00ccNH 1: \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho th\u1ea5y tay c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edf b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a>, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AGC th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao (r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p).<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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T\u01b0 Duy 12V: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 C\u1ea7u Ch\u00ec AGC<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y tinh tr\u00f4ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AGC<\/b>.<\/p>\n

AGC = Automotive Glass Cartridge (\u1ed0ng Th\u1ee7y Tinh \u00d4 t\u00f4)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i hai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3: Th\u1ee7y Tinh \u00d4 t\u00f4<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00f4 t\u00f4 12V v\u00e0 24V DC. Ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 radio, \u0111\u00e8n tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xe b\u1ea1n. Trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Khi x\u1ea3y ra \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch trong xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, pin ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1edf m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014k\u00e9o c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ra, \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c xem li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u00e2y c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt:<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Eaton, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh AGC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho t\u1ed1i \u0111a 32 volt<\/b> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ng\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 200 ampe \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000 ampe<\/b> \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. So s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20.000-30.000 ampe \u1edf 480V ho\u1eb7c 690V.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n mang \u201cT\u01b0 Duy 12V\u201d<\/b> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 480V ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m xe \u0111\u1ea1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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V\u1eadt L\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u201cN\u1ed5\u201d so v\u1edbi \u201cT\u00e1ch\u201d<\/h2>\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ph\u00e1 V\u1ee1<\/b> (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh M\u1ee9c Ng\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c AIC\u2014Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ng\u1eaft Ampe). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ampe m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec mang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ampe m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n<\/b> trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecfng H\u00f3c C\u1ea7u Ch\u00ec Th\u1ee7y Tinh: K\u1ecbch B\u1ea3n N\u1ed5<\/h3>\n

Th\u1ee7y tinh gi\u00f2n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ea5p. B\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh AGC, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u2014kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 5.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 30.000 ampe) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o d\u00e2y d\u1eabn m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. B\u1ed1c H\u01a1i T\u1ee9c Th\u00ec:<\/b> D\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tan ch\u1ea3y\u2014n\u00f3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh plasma kim lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau n\u00f3ng<\/li>\n
  2. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf B\u00f9ng N\u1ed5:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh n\u00f3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u1eef d\u1ed9i<\/li>\n
  3. T\u0103ng \u00c1p Su\u1ea5t:<\/b> \u00c1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tan<\/li>\n
  4. V\u1ee1 Th\u1ea3m Kh\u1ed1c:<\/b> \u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1ee1 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    K\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3:<\/b> H\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau n\u00f3ng (h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9), m\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 plasma ion h\u00f3a b\u1ecb b\u1eafn v\u00e0o t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c pha li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t H\u1ed3 Quang \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/b> s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn\u2014m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 35.000\u00b0F (19.400\u00b0C)<\/b>\u2014g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

    \"Glass
    H\u00ccNH 3: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed5 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh trong 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng -> D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng -> \u00c1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng -> Th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1ee1 v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    C\u1ea7u Ch\u00ec G\u1ed1m HRC: Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t HRC (High Rupturing Capacity - Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 cao)<\/b> c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec g\u1ed1m VIOX.<\/p>\n

    c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb\u2014m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng g\u1ed1m m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y nh\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 g\u1ea7n tai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/b><\/p>\n

    Nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng l\u00e1ch c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0<\/b>c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n

    \u2014c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1:<\/b> Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 5.000-30.000 ampe t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec HRC g\u1ed1m:<\/li>\n
    2. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f2ng cung:<\/b> D\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i th\u00e0nh plasma (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh)<\/li>\n
    3. H\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eaft d\u1ecdc theo d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/b> D\u1eadp T\u1eaft B\u1eb1ng C\u00e1t:<\/li>\n
    4. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Fulgurite:<\/b> Silica n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (SiO\u2082) tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fulgurite<\/li>\n
    5. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b> S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha t\u1eeb c\u00e1t sang th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
    6. S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 quang:<\/b> Fulgurite \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      K\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3:<\/b> Kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u201cclick\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Th\u00e2n g\u1ed1m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 bar<\/b>\u2014ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

      \"Cutaway
      H\u00ccNH 2: So s\u00e1nh m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ea1nh nhau: B\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u2013 C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AGC th\u1ee7y tinh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u2013 C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec HRC g\u1ed1m ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea1c.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \n

      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft: C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

      H\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

      So s\u00e1nh an to\u00e0n quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AGC th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec HRC g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>\nC\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AGC th\u1ee7y tinh<\/th>\nG\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec HRC<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\/ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/b><\/td>\nM\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n DC 12V\/24V \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n AC\/DC c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n m\u00e1y<\/b><\/td>\nTh\u1ee7y tinh Borosilicate (d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1)<\/td>\nG\u1ed1m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (alumina\/steatite)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang b\u00ean trong<\/b><\/td>\nCh\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft)<\/td>\nC\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (SiO\u2082 >99,5%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/b><\/td>\n32V DC \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh; 250V AC t\u1ed1i \u0111a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/td>\n500V-1000V AC; l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1500V DC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Ph\u00e1 V\u1ee1<\/b><\/td>\n200A-10.000A t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n100.000A-300.000A (100kA-300kA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/td>\n\u00c2m thanh xe h\u01a1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/td>\nTrung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/b><\/td>\nV\u1ee1 n\u1ed5, m\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7y tinh, h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nD\u1eadp t\u1eaft b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u1ef1c quan<\/b><\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (th\u00e2n trong su\u1ed1t)<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 (m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      An to\u00e0n cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/td>\nNGUY HI\u1ec2M\u2014KH\u00d4NG BAO GI\u1edc S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG<\/b><\/td>\nB\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eb7p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      C\u1ea7u Ch\u00ec Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nD\u00f2ng c\u1eaft (AIC)<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/th>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (>240V)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      AGC th\u1ee7y tinh (1\/4\u2033 \u00d7 1-1\/4\u2033)<\/td>\n200A-10.000A @ 32V<\/td>\n\u00d4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng<\/td>\n\u274c B\u1eca C\u1ea4M<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Th\u1ee7y tinh thu nh\u1ecf (5\u00d720mm)<\/td>\nL\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000A @ 250V<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, m\u1ea1ch PCB<\/td>\ndr. tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ch <15A)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1ed0ng g\u1ed1m (10\u00d738mm)<\/td>\n100.000A (100kA) @ 500V<\/td>\nM\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n\u2705 B\u1eaeT BU\u1ed8C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      G\u1ed1m NH\/BS88<\/td>\n120.000A-200.000A @ 690V<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n\u2705 B\u1eaeT BU\u1ed8C<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/b> C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00e0 20kA \u0111\u1ebfn 30kA<\/b> t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft 10kA kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7\u2014m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi ph\u1ea1m an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn<\/b> theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n NFPA 70E v\u00e0 OSHA.<\/p>\n

      \"Electrical
      H\u00ccNH 4: \u1ea2nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau khi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \u2013 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1ee1.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \n

      Hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u201cD\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao\u201d<\/h2>\n

      Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi \u201cC\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang h\u1ecfi hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

      Hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh<\/th>\nHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec g\u1ed1m HRC<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      A: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i<\/b>
      \n(\u201cN\u1ea5u ch\u1eadm\u201d)<\/td>\n      		D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a 30-40A.<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra \u1edf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c n\u1eafp cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n.<\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 100A-1250A.<\/b> G\u1ed1m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t cao.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1<\/b>
      \n(\u201cDi\u1ec7t nhanh\u201d)<\/td>\n      		D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n<\/b> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1<\/td>\n200A-10.000A t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/b> (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p)<\/td>\n100.000A-300.000A<\/b> (100kA-300kA), tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 IEC 60269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/b><\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ti\u1ec7n \u00edch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/b> t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20kA. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng 40kA-50kA. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho 10kA tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng d\u00ednh\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c khi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

      \"Size
      H\u00ccNH \u1ea2NH 5: So s\u00e1nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda th\u00f4ng tin cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec th\u1ee7y tinh AGC (\u00d4 t\u00f4 12V) so v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec g\u1ed1m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft cao.<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
      \n

      IEC 60269: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

      C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec g\u1ed1m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u00f9y \u00fd. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng IEC 60269<\/b>, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000V AC v\u00e0 1.500V DC.<\/p>\n

      IEC 60269 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n