{"id":20620,"date":"2025-12-14T01:53:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-13T17:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=20620"},"modified":"2025-12-05T14:54:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T06:54:10","slug":"iec-60947-3-utilization-categories-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/iec-60947-3-utilization-categories-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec H\u1ea1 th\u1ebf: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n &amp; C\u1ea5p IEC 60269 (gG, aM, gPV)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/professional-header-image-showing-viox-branded-industrial-fuses-nh-type-cylindrical-fuses-with-iec-60269-markings-in-industrial-blue-and-gray-color-scheme.webp\" alt=\"Professional header image showing VIOX branded industrial fuses\" \/><figcaption><em>H\u00ecnh 1: IEC 60269 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-does-a-fuse-holder-work\/\">C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (gG, aM, gPV) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. VIOX Electric s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edf danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c m\u00e3 ch\u1eef kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u: gG, aM, gPV, gR, aR. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u00f9y \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u2014ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IEC 60269, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111a n\u0103ng gG b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng s\u1edbm n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (trong \u0111\u00f3 aM l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c), cho ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 aM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chung cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfa ho\u1ea1n. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AC ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ea1ch DC quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec h\u1ed3 quang DC kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 AC.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IEC 60269 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t\u2014gG (\u0111a n\u0103ng), aM (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1) v\u00e0 gPV (quang \u0111i\u1ec7n)\u2014v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>IEC 60269 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>IEC 60269<\/strong> l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch AC t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000 V v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch DC l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 V. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi \u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt 32\/Ti\u1ec3u ban 32B c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00edn v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 6 kA.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-1<\/strong> (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung, \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 5.0, 2024) thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p\/d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-2<\/strong> (C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t 2024) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1eeb A \u0111\u1ebfn K\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec dao NH, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1eaft v\u00edt BS, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c\u2014v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-3<\/strong> (C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gia d\u1ee5ng, \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 5.0, 2024) bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o x\u1eed l\u00fd an to\u00e0n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-4<\/strong> (B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, \u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 6.0, 2024) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u, thyristor, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t) kh\u1ecfi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111a n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IEC 60269-5<\/strong> (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IEC 60269-6<\/strong> (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n) thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi PV, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft DC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a PV.<\/p>\n<p><strong>IEC 60269-7<\/strong> (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5 sung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t pin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 IEC 60269, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh vi n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (\u201cc\u1ed5ng\u201d) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>IEC 60269 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ch\u1eef c\u00e1i <strong>m\u00e3 h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tr\u1ea3i qua d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n DC thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 hai ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong> cho bi\u1ebft <strong>ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201cg\u201d<\/strong> (ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c: <em>gesamt<\/em>, \u201ct\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3\u201d) = \u0110a n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng th\u1ea5p trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i (xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201ca\u201d<\/strong> (ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c: <em>ausschalten<\/em>, \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u201d) = B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (r\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong> cho bi\u1ebft <strong>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u201cG\u201d<\/strong> = B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chung cho c\u00e1p, d\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201cM\u201d<\/strong> = M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201cPV\u201d<\/strong> = H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201cR\u201d<\/strong> = Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u, thyristor, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ef1c nhanh<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201cL\u201d<\/strong> = C\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn (ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u201cG\u201d trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u201cTr\u201d<\/strong> = M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec. <strong>gG<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a n\u0103ng, to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. <strong>l\u00e0<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch) cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. <strong>gPV<\/strong> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a n\u0103ng, to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DC quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp <strong>\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u1ed5 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014v\u00e0 <strong>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1<\/strong>, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u1ed5 g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ng\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/professional-comparison-infographic-showing-viox-iec-60269-fuse-classes-gg-general-purpose-am-motor-protection-and-gpv-photovoltaic-with-technical-characteristics.webp\" alt=\"VIOX IEC 60269 fuse class comparison infographic\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 2: So s\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec VIOX IEC 60269. Ba h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh\u2014gG \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p chung, aM cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao v\u00e0 gPV cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n DC\u2014ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Lo\u1ea1i gG: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111a n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p><strong>gG<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trong c\u1ea3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sau <strong>g<\/strong> (to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch) + <strong>G<\/strong> (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chung cho d\u00e2y\/c\u00e1p\/m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i mang t\u1ea3i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong Th\u1eddi gian - D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian - d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>V\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i<\/strong>: \u1ede d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n (In), m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t 1\u20134 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9t, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng qua.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u1ede 5\u00d7In, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee9t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2\u20135 gi\u00e2y, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00f9ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: \u1ede 10\u00d7In tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ng\u1eaft trong v\u00f2ng 0,1\u20130,2 gi\u00e2y, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p: c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tho\u00e1ng qua v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian - d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh theo \u201cc\u1ed5ng\u201d ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong IEC 60269-1, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>IEC 60269 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 6 kA cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong s\u00ea-ri. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NH (l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo IEC 60269-2\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft 100 kA, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t cao g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec NH<\/strong> (ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao ki\u1ec3u DIN): K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 bao g\u1ed3m 2A \u0111\u1ebfn 1250A, v\u1edbi th\u00e2n g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng bu l\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5<\/strong> (ki\u1ec3u h\u1ed9p m\u1ef1c): \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 10\u00d738mm, 14\u00d751mm, 22\u00d758mm cho \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 1A \u0111\u1ebfn 125A, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebf DIN-rail<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1eaft bu l\u00f4ng BS<\/strong> (th\u00e2n vu\u00f4ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Anh): K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ed9p m\u1ef1c gia d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> theo IEC 60269-3: V\u1edbi m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng<\/strong>: Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n chung<\/strong>: T\u1ea3i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p\/th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/strong>: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG x\u1ebfp t\u1ea7ng (ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch), h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng IEC 60269-5 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp <strong>Quy t\u1eafc 1,6\u00d7<\/strong>: t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p 1,6 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c (gG v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/mcb\/\">b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/ac-contactor\/\">c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/a>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec kh\u00e1c), t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian - d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua (I\u00b2t) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gG khi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chung)<\/li>\n<li>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cao ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 DC\/PV chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n IEC 60269-2 (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p) ho\u1eb7c IEC 60269-3 (gia d\u1ee5ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gG<\/strong> cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aM), ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n DC n\u01a1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3 quang DC (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gPV).<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/viox-industrial-fuses-installed-in-professional-control-panel-showing-nh-type-fuses-mounted-in-fuse-carriers-with-organized-wiring-and-din-rail-components.webp\" alt=\"VIOX gG fuses installed in industrial distribution panel\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 3: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec VIOX gG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec lo\u1ea1i NH cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 kA cho c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>L\u1edbp aM: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>l\u00e0<\/strong> C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao (kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to). K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sau <strong>M\u1ed9t<\/strong> (ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch) + <strong>M<\/strong> (m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1). Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM c\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 5\u20138 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1\u2014trong khi v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 h\u00fat d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p 6\u20138 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi r\u00f4to t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ed7i khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp aM gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f3c b\u00faa n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p <strong>ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong>: Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian - d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, ngay c\u1ea3 khi qua nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00f3a ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec nhanh ch\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>: V\u00ec c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (r\u01a1le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y\u2014aM \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i\u2014l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong Th\u1eddi gian - D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian - d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi gG:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gG, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ee9t \u1edf 1,5\u20132\u00d7In. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n duy tr\u00ec trong ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>X\u00f3a ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>: \u1ede d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (th\u01b0\u1eddng &gt;10\u201315\u00d7In), c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ng\u1eaft nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gG trong v\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng I\u00b2t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo IEC 60269-2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 gG\u2014ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao NH v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5\u2014nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec NH aM c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft &gt;100 kA, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nhau trong c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec3n H\u00ecnh \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong>: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (MCC), v\u1edbi c\u00e1c contactor h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/what-are-thermal-overload-relays\/\">r\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t<\/a> ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (DOL)<\/strong>: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi contactor v\u00e0 r\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, qu\u1ea1t, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n v\u00e0 b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y n\u00e9n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea1t l\u1edbn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\/c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>aM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng VFD) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG.<\/p>\n<h3>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, <strong>ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/strong>. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch (x\u00f3a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i (qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng duy tr\u00ec do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, m\u1ea5t pha, v.v.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/strong>: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng\/d\u1eebng<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u1ed5 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, trong khi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c contactor b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh aM khi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-2 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng aM<\/strong> cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chung (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i), cho c\u00e1p\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gG) ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i do ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p (thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1).<\/p>\n<h2>Lo\u1ea1i gPV: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p><strong>gPV<\/strong> C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-6. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 sau <strong>g<\/strong> (to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch) + <strong>PV<\/strong> (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n). C\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch DC trong c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u2014nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AC ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h3>T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ea1ch DC ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi AC trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eaft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n AC \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng 100 ho\u1eb7c 120 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng 50 Hz ho\u1eb7c 60 Hz), cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec n\u1ed5. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u2014kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e9p d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao<\/strong>: C\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i PV quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 V, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i AC th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>: Trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chu\u1ed7i\/m\u1ea3ng, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i song song kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec PV trong h\u1ed9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, <strong>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG ho\u1eb7c aM \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AC trong m\u1ea1ch PV DC l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n<\/strong>. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gPV \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-6 m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ng\u1eaft DC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong Th\u1eddi gian - D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gPV cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gG, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng PV:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i<\/strong>: \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p PV v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c DC<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eaft DC theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269-6, v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 V DC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c PV<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng PV tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o\u2014ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ban ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tho\u00e1ng qua \u1edf r\u00eca \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h3>\n<p>So v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec AC t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gPV th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e0i h\u01a1n<\/strong>: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u0103ng l\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft h\u1ed3 quang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1t d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ed3 quang DC.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n<\/strong>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DC l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.000 V ho\u1eb7c 1.500 V.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i<\/strong>: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ri\u00eang l\u1ebb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eebng chu\u1ed7i PV trong h\u1ed9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh m\u1ea3ng<\/strong>: C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u1ed9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p\/ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i DC<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1p DC v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy<\/strong>: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch DC trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gPV khi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch DC trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC t\u1eeb 100 V \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 V<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chu\u1ed7i\/m\u1ea3ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng DC trong mi\u1ec1n PV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gG ho\u1eb7c aM<\/strong> (C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AC) trong m\u1ea1ch DC PV\u2014ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft DC v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n. Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DC \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa gG, aM v\u00e0 gPV<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td>H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a gG<\/td>\n<td>H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a aM<\/td>\n<td>H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a gPV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5\u00d7In (qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 1\u20134 gi\u1edd<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 1\u20134 gi\u1edd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5\u00d7In (qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 2\u20135 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 2\u20135 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10\u00d7In (ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch)<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 0,1\u20130,2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 0,1\u20130,2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u00e1y trong 0,1\u20130,2 gi\u00e2y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong cho th\u1ea5y gG v\u00e0 gPV ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5, trong khi aM \u201cb\u1ecf qua\u201d v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Gh\u00e9p l\u1edbp c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i chung<\/strong> v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u2192 C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gG<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> v\u1edbi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to cao \u2192 C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc aM<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1ea1ch DC quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u2192 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gPV<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/strong> (b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u, thyristor, b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n) \u2192 C\u00e2n nh\u1eafc gR\/aR<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng (kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v.v.). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 1,5\u20132,5\u00d7FLC \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch chung, kh\u1edbp gG v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (AC so v\u1edbi DC) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft (Icn\/Icu) v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc 1,6\u00d7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gG. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM v\u1edbi r\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n<p><strong>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ba pha 50 kW \/ 400V<\/strong>: T\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u2192 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>gG<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ba pha 22 kW \/ 400V, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng DOL<\/strong>: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng cao \u2192 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>l\u00e0<\/strong> + R\u01a1 le qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 3: Chu\u1ed7i PV n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, 450V DC<\/strong>: M\u1ea1ch DC c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2192 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>gPV<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IEC 60269\u2014gG, aM v\u00e0 gPV\u2014cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb; ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><strong>gG (\u0111a n\u0103ng)<\/strong> c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n d\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>aM (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1)<\/strong> c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f3a r\u00f4to cao trong khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>gPV (quang \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/strong> c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi DC\u2014th\u00e2n c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1.500 V.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng sai t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec gG trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u; c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec aM tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7; C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c AC tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch PV DC c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i (\u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf\/\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1\/DC), t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ch\u1eef c\u00e1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec IEC 60269 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>VIOX Electric s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 60269 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gG, aM v\u00e0 gPV, v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a VIOX.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/strong> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/contact\/\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 VIOX Electric<\/a><\/strong> <strong>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec IEC 60269 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Figure 1: IEC 60269 low-voltage fuses are classified by utilization categories (gG, aM, gPV) that define their intended application and operational characteristics. VIOX Electric manufactures fuses engineered to IEC 60269 standards for industrial, motor protection, and photovoltaic applications. When you open a fuse supplier&#8217;s catalog or inspect a fuse marking in an industrial panel, you&#8217;ll [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20623,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20620"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20624,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20620\/revisions\/20624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}