{"id":20542,"date":"2025-12-06T01:22:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T17:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=20542"},"modified":"2025-12-06T01:22:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T17:22:21","slug":"how-to-read-time-delay-relay-datasheets-specifications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/how-to-read-time-delay-relay-datasheets-specifications\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eadm Tr\u1ec5 Ti\u1ebfp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf N\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh 50 r\u01a1le th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: \"tr\u1ec5 10 gi\u00e2y, 24 V.\" Khi c\u00e1c r\u01a1-le \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 20 gi\u00e2y\u2014d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 ms \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u xung r\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 trong hai tu\u1ea7n, trong khi thay th\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd mua s\u1eafm so s\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o thay th\u1ebf\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3y g\u1ecdi ngay. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp t\u1edd g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u1ecf l\u1ee1 sai th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1edbm li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i quy so v\u1edbi ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p solenoid. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00e1p ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 th\u00f4ng t\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 C\u1ea5u: nh\u1eefng G\u00ec B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd T\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 N\u01a1i<\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp<\/a> t\u1edd theo m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00ecn quan tr\u1ecdng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong> ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecb c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, ra-ch\u1eadm kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t<\/strong>: c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00e2n (0.1 s, 1 s, 10 s, \u0111\u1ebfn 100 gi\u1edd) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi gian\u2014chi\u1ebft quay digital m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> chi\u1ebfm l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3ng bao g\u1ed3m cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p thu\u1eadt (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1), \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch thu\u1eadt (ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u xung r\u1ed9ng), v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong> chi ti\u1ebft li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh (PIN, C\u1eb6P<\/a>), x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i (\u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf quy AC, DC, \u0111\u00e8n v\u00f4), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng (c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp t\u1ea3i). Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cho b\u1ea1n cho d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 s\u1edbm th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c<\/strong> \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh vi: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a quy), thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xung th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> b\u00eca \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, rung\/s\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i TRUY\u1ec0N th\u00f4ng 60664-1. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn<\/strong> danh s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn: TRUY\u1ec0N th\u00f4ng\/VI 61812-1 (th\u1eddi gian qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp chu\u1ea9n), UL 508\/ass (B\u1eafc M\u1ef9), CE \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfu EMC ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u00e1p v\u00e0 xung ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2y<\/strong> th\u1ea5y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafp (DIN-\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft<\/a> chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, c\u1eafm-trong \u1ed5 c\u1eafm thau, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n), lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Cho thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea3-trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u2014b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"Annotated
Con s\u1ed1 1: Ch\u00fa th\u1eddi gian ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n. M\u00e3 m\u00e0u ch\u00fa th\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 (xanh) \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a (m\u00e0u xanh), li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (cam) m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a (t\u00edm), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (m\u00e0u x\u00e1m), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (\u0111\u1ecf). Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Th\u00f4ng S\u1ed1 Th\u1eddi Gian Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch<\/h2>\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n\u2014hay kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e2y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp Quy m\u00f4<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 v\u1ea3y c\u01a1 s\u1edf: 0.1 s, 1 s, 10, 100 s, \u0111\u1ebfn 100 gi\u1edd hay h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i quy m\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng 1.2\u00d7 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t 10 c\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che 10-120 gi\u00e2y. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi em hai \u0111i\u1ec1u: cho d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ecbn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t 0.1 c\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, sub-khi\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t 100 c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch quy m\u00f4 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi gian Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111o th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham kh\u1ea3o (th\u01b0\u1eddng 23\u00b0C, b\u00ecnh \u00e1p). Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u01b0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a quy (F)<\/strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u00b11% FS ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t 12-th\u1ee9 hai quy m\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00b10.12 th\u1ee9 l\u1ed7i band\u2014cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t 2 gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c 12 gi\u00e2y. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t 2-thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00f3 \u00b10.12 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u00b16% l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. L\u00fac 12 gi\u00e2y, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u00b11%. Ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh. Cho r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng (sub-th\u1ee9 hai), c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n: \"\u00b11% FS + 10 ms max.\" T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cho m\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra xem ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t danh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 cho th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp L\u1ed7i vs \u0111i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh Th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u2014chi\u1ebft, xoay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \"\u00b110% L\u01afNG.\" \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. T\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t sai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Cho quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1\/l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eadp s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebft quay.<\/p>\n

L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\") c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, r\u01a1le show l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong \u00b10.5% FS; gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4i \u00b12% FS hay h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3-ph\u1ea3i-chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u2014tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch ri\u00eang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 \"\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7\" v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ban nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u00c1p v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u1ec3 theo kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \"\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cung \u0111i\u1ec7n\" v\u00e0 \"\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng\" m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u00e1p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng: \u00b10.5% FS h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ph\u1ea1m vi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, 85%-110% c\u1ee7a x\u1ebfp \u00e1p). N\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 22 C\u00c2N \u0111\u1ebfn 26 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean 24 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u00b10.5% FS th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng: \u00b12% FS h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, -20\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u00b0C). C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t n\u00f3ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ed9i g\u1ea7n l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 50\u00b0C hay cao h\u01a1n, th\u00eam \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng khoan dung x\u1ebfp<\/strong>C\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t, trong th\u1eddi gian l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c + \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng + nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Cho m\u1ed9t 10 c\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u00b11% FS ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00b10.5% FS \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 \u00b12% FS nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t ban nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u00b13.5% FS = \u00b10.35 gi\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00e1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i Thi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Xung<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/strong> (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \"t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-H\u1ebeT th\u1eddi gian\" ho\u1eb7c \"th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i\") x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i de-n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0.05 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 0.1 s. \u0110i xe \u0111\u1ea1p ti\u1ebfp nhanh h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian t\u1ee5 s\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 logic trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo chu k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t xung<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c \"\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u1ed9ng\") x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian xung \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady g\u00e2y n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ri\u00eang v\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 50 ms c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf cao cho \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 50 gi\u00e2y. Ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n xung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5p l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edf d\u1ee5\u201420 ms xung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 50 ms t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xung r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \"nhanh\" ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n

\"Timing
Con s\u1ed1 2: th\u1eddi Gian s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111ang \u1edf ba kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh X\u00e1c (\u00b110% F) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khoan dung ban nh\u1ea1c quanh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7t\u2014\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y 5 gi\u00e2y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u00b10.5 s khoan dung khi \u0111o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i 10s quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (\u00b10.5%) cho th\u1ea5y chu k\u1ef3-ph\u1ea3i-chu k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o nh\u00f3m ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p tr\u00f4i) th\u00eam t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ed7i\u2014trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, \u00b11.5% c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00f4i \u00b10.4% \u00e1p tr\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00b1l\u00e0 2,4% t\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t l\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u00c1p v\u00e0 y\u00eau C\u1ea7u s\u1ee9c M\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2014nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00c1p v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m vi Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

B\u00ecnh \u00e1p<\/strong> l\u00e0 danh ngh\u0129a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u00e1p: 24 B\u00c1O, 120 VAC, 240 VAC\/DC ph\u1ed5, etc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00e9p cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng<\/strong> hay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p t\u1ea7m<\/strong>\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng 85% \u0111\u1ebfn 110% s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. M\u1ed9t 24 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 20.4\u201326.4 C\u00c2N ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 n\u00e0y hay s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t r\u01a1-le cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi. Universal-\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 12-240 VAC\/DC, t\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u00e1p b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/strong> v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho AC-\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 r\u01a1le: 50 T\u1ea7n, 60 T\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c 50\/60 Nghe. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t r\u01a1le x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft L\u1eadp L\u1ea1i\/Ph\u00e1t H\u00e0nh \u00c1p<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady de-sinh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 reset c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 10%-20% s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. Cho m\u1ed9t 24 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi 15% ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, r\u01a1le \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i khi cung c\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng 3,6 C\u00c2N.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ee5t \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00fang v\u00e0o 50% s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo th\u1eddi gian, chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 x\u1eed th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c logic kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u00e1p\u2014\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 di \u1edf gi\u1eefa khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o M\u1ee9c Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (cho \u00c1p-\u0111\u1ea7u V\u00e0o R\u01a1le)<\/h3>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ri\u00eang v\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\/k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea5p \u00e1p. M\u1ed9t 24 C\u00c2N \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \"Cao\" nh\u01b0 trong v\u00f2ng 15 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \"\u00cdt\" l\u00e0 to\u00e1n 5 C\u00c2N, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ec5 ban nh\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa 5-15 C\u00c2N. \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111u tr\u00ean Cao ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi Th\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng cho m\u1ed9t \"24 C\u00c2N \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o\" ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 24 B\u00c1O c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 logic. M\u1ed9t r\u01a1-le s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 12 C\u00c2N ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi 24 C\u00c2N b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau Th\u1ee5 N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng danh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf watts ho\u1eb7c VA (cho AC m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh). N\u00e0y con s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e8n Led. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec\/breaker l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Trong l\u1edbn b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 th\u00eam l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u2014\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00e1p ch\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\"Technical
Con s\u1ed1 3: \u00c1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (24 B\u00c1O danh ngh\u0129a), \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p ph\u1ea1m vi (20.4\u201326.4 C\u00c2N trong xanh), khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (\u0111\u1ecf), v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng (~l\u00e0 3,6 C\u00c2N). Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong xanh ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u00e1p\u2014tr\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 Ra k\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra s\u1edbm li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7c, h\u00e0n, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u H\u00ecnh Li\u00ean L\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n

Th\u1eddi gian r\u01a1le th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p PIN (\u0111\u01a1n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4i-n\u00e9m, 1 C O li\u00ean l\u1ea1c) ho\u1eb7c C\u1eb6P (double-c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4i-n\u00e9m 2 C O li\u00ean l\u1ea1c). M\u1ed7i c\u1ef1c cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng-m\u1edf (NO) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda (NC) chia s\u1ebb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c chung m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i. C\u1eb6P r\u01a1le cho b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n hai \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u01a1le cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh: m\u1ed9t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 (chuy\u1ec3n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi cung c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5). X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t logic y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edd \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi T\u1ea3i Lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1ea5t sai x\u1ea3y ra. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5<\/strong>\u2014h\u1ecd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang cho t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u00f4<\/strong> (l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao nh\u1ea5t, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u00e1p gai ho\u1eb7c cung n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 5 M\u1ed9t 250 VAC tr\u1edf v\u00e0 5 M\u1ed9t xu\u1ed1ng 30 D\u00d2NG \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea1p v\u00f4<\/strong> (solenoid, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cu\u1ed9n, bi\u1ebfn) t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i-MA \u00e1p gai khi chuy\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o ra duy tr\u00ec h\u1ed3 quang m\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00f3i m\u00f2n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c. DC n\u1ea1p v\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec DC arcs \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u1ea1i zero-qua nh\u01b0 AC arcs l\u00e0m. C\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 5 M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n 0.1 M\u1ed9t xu\u1ed1ng 125 C\u00c2N c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi L\/R = 7 ms th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t 50\u00d7 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t 24 C\u00c2N v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 M\u1ed9t; t\u1ea1i 125 B\u00c1O, ch\u1ec9 0.1 A.<\/p>\n

AC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i<\/strong> (TRUY\u1ec0N th\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i chu\u1ea9n) tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00eam \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1:<\/p>\n