{"id":18412,"date":"2025-07-14T11:35:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T03:35:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=18412"},"modified":"2026-03-27T21:19:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T13:19:50","slug":"complete-guide-to-air-circuit-breakers-acb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/vi\/complete-guide-to-air-circuit-breakers-acb\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ACB): Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Aptomat Kh\u00ed (ACB) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n
\"Air
Aptomat kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t aptomat kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i aptomat h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong>, lo\u1ea1i aptomat n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang \u2014 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ng\u1eaft an to\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi aptomat m\u1edf trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, aptomat kh\u00ed l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh, t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o nhanh: ACB trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 690 V AC theo IEC 60947-2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea1m Vi Hi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 630 A \u0111\u1ebfn 6300 A (thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh, li\u00ean k\u1ebft thanh c\u00e1i, aptomat m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u k\u00e9o ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 LSI\/LSIG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arc Medium<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nIEC 60947-2 (ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

So s\u00e1nh nhanh ACB so v\u1edbi MCCB so v\u1edbi VCB<\/h2>\n
\"Comparison
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00f4ng tin so s\u00e1nh chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa Aptomat Kh\u00ed (ACB), Aptomat v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac (MCCB) v\u00e0 Aptomat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (VCB).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a aptomat kh\u00ed trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i aptomat li\u00ean quan. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y ACB kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi aptomat v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 aptomat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u0103ng<\/th>\nNg\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/th>\nMCCB<\/th>\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
L\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (\u2264690 V)<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (\u2264690 V)<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh (3,3\u201336 kV)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ea1m Vi Hi\u1ec7n T\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>\n630\u20136300 A<\/td>\n16\u20132500 A<\/td>\n630\u20134000 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y<\/td>\n\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec7t-t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/td>\nD\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u01a1 le<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u k\u00e9o ra<\/td>\nC\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (b\u1eaft v\u00edt\/c\u1eafm)<\/td>\nC\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arc Medium<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/td>\nCh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7<\/td>\nNi\u00eam phong, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/td>\nB\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

ACB th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf c\u1ea5p t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft thanh c\u00e1i, trong khi MCCBs<\/a> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. VCB ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh \u2014 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ACB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, khi c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c khi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t aptomat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao aptomat kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi MCCBs<\/a> h\u01a1n l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng<\/a> \u2014 ACB n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, n\u01a1i m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ACB \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a IEC 60947-2 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng (UL 1066 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, GB 14048.2 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft, ACB Full Form trong \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/a> l\u00e0 trang \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

ACB l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

Aptomat kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ACB, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang \u2014 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

ACB th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khung v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng aptomat \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c. Trong khi MCCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 1600 A \u0111\u1ebfn 2500 A t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, aptomat kh\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 630 A \u0111\u1ebfn 6300 A, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh, n\u01a1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ea3y qua m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t ACB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u2014 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ACB ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi MCCBs<\/a> h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec ng\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Aptomat kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trung t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ACB \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u k\u00e9o ra, mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2014 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1edbi ACB, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c aptomat nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Aptomat kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<\/h2>\n

Aptomat kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o m\u1ee9c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e1nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, ACB th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u2014 n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 aptomat ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh<\/strong> tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng 400 V ho\u1eb7c 415 V \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, aptomat ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ACB, mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thanh c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

Aptomat li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n thanh c\u00e1i<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i kh\u00e1c. Trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thanh c\u00e1i chia \u2014 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 m\u1ed9t aptomat li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai ph\u1ea7n thanh c\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai aptomat \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch<\/strong> d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ACB v\u00ec b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec7n \u00edch.<\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ACB l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng \u2014 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00e9p, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 n\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang 2000 A tr\u1edf l\u00ean trong khi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u00e1 m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn<\/strong> v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong> \u2014 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, trung t\u00e2m mua s\u1eafm, s\u00e2n bay \u2014 c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ACB l\u00e0m aptomat \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 aptomat ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, aptomat kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi MCCBs<\/a> v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng<\/a> b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n
\"Technical
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t aptomat kh\u00ed, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ecdi aptomat kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed mang d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quang<\/strong> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi aptomat m\u1edf. C\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3 quang t\u00e1ch ra sau c\u00f9ng, k\u00e9o h\u1ed3 quang ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh. H\u1ed3 quang sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 quang (\u1ed1ng d\u1eadp h\u1ed3 quang) \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m chia kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 quang n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p aptomat ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 cao ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng aptomat. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ACB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 xo, v\u1edbi l\u00f2 xo \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb xa.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (Trip unit)<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft. Trong c\u00e1c ACB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n pha v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea3<\/strong> m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea3 shunt (c\u1eaft t\u1eeb xa), b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee5t \u00e1p), ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ee5 (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i), b\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (\u0111\u00f3ng t\u1eeb xa) v\u00e0 m\u00f4-\u0111un giao ti\u1ebfp (t\u00edch h\u1ee3p Modbus, Profibus, Ethernet \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n

ACB c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh so v\u1edbi ACB k\u00e9o ra<\/h2>\n
\"Technical
So s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1eafn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ra.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay k\u00e9o ra.<\/p>\n

ACB c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o m\u00e1y c\u1eaft ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00e1o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. ACB c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1eaft m\u00e1y theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

ACB k\u00e9o ra<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n k\u00e9o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. M\u00e1y c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng), ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong> (m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1eaft), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> (r\u00fat ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf) \u2014 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o r\u1eddi t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9o ra c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u00e1y c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra trong khi thanh c\u00e1i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, thay th\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c thanh c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. ACB k\u00e9o ra l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2014 n\u01a1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 Trip<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, b\u1ed9 trip l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y c\u1eaft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 trip ACB hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua m\u00e1y c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng b\u00ean trong. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ed9 trip s\u1ebd ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u00e1y c\u1eaft m\u1edf. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh: m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n