{"id":21144,"date":"2026-01-03T00:51:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T16:51:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21144"},"modified":"2026-01-03T00:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T16:53:38","slug":"dc-fast-charger-protection-surge-fuse-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/tr\/dc-fast-charger-protection-surge-fuse-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Temel Bilgilerin \u00d6tesinde: DC H\u0131zl\u0131 \u015earj Cihazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Temel A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Ak\u0131m ve A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim Korumas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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DC H\u0131zl\u0131 \u015earj Cihaz\u0131 Korumas\u0131 Neden Temel Devre Kesicilerin \u00d6tesine Ge\u00e7iyor?<\/h2>\n

$50.000 elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u015farj istasyonunuza ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flamaktan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda mikro saniyeler i\u00e7inde meydana gelebilecek elektriksel tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 korumaktan da sorumlusunuz. EV \u015farj altyap\u0131s\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinde, yetersiz koruma sadece teknik bir g\u00f6zetim de\u011fildir; ekipman ar\u0131zas\u0131na, ara\u00e7 hasar\u0131na ve maliyetli ar\u0131za s\u00fcresine neden olabilecek bir sorumluluktur.<\/p>\n

DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131, standart koruma cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 benzersiz elektriksel zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Konut devrelerinin aksine, bu sistemler y\u00fcksek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc DC d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (50kW ila 350kW+) y\u00f6netir ve bu da onlar\u0131 iki kritik ar\u0131za moduna kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z hale getirir: g\u00fc\u00e7 yar\u0131 iletkenlerini yok eden feci a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m olaylar\u0131 ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmelerinden veya \u015febeke bozulmalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ge\u00e7ici a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimler. Bu makale, uluslararas\u0131 standartlar taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nan \u00f6zel koruma gereksinimlerini incelemekte ve uygun SPD<\/a> ve sigorta se\u00e7iminin ticari EV \u015farj operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in neden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"VIOX
Ticari otopark tesisine entegre koruma sistemleri kurulu VIOX DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj istasyonu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7ift Tehdidi Anlamak: A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Ak\u0131m ve A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim<\/h2>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Ak\u0131m Korumas\u0131: G\u00fc\u00e7 Yar\u0131 \u0130letkenlerini Koruma<\/h3>\n

DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131nda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m korumas\u0131 tel yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemekten daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir amaca hizmet eder. Her DC \u015farj istasyonunun kalbi, AC \u015febeke g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f DC \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren IGBT'ler (Yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 Kap\u0131l\u0131 Bipolar Transist\u00f6rler) veya SiC MOSFET'ler i\u00e7eren bir g\u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme mod\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu bile\u015fenler, ar\u0131za ak\u0131mlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc derecede savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r ve termal ar\u0131za milisaniyeler i\u00e7inde meydana gelir.<\/p>\n

Standart devre kesiciler<\/a> yar\u0131 iletken korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yava\u015f yan\u0131t verir. Dahili bir k\u0131sa devre veya \u201cshoot-through\u201d ar\u0131zas\u0131 meydana geldi\u011finde, ar\u0131za ak\u0131mlar\u0131 mikro saniyeler i\u00e7inde nominal ak\u0131m\u0131n 10-50 kat\u0131na ula\u015fabilir. Geleneksel bir kesici a\u00e7ana kadar (tipik olarak 20-100ms), IGBT zaten tahrip olmu\u015ftur. Ultra h\u0131zl\u0131 yar\u0131 iletken sigortalar\u0131n gerekli hale geldi\u011fi yer buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DC H\u0131zl\u0131 \u015earj Cihazlar\u0131ndaki Temel Koruma B\u00f6lgeleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Koruma B\u00f6lgesi<\/th>\nCihaz T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/th>\nTepki S\u00fcresi<\/th>\nBirincil \u0130\u015flev<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
AC Giri\u015fi (\u015eebeke Taraf\u0131)<\/td>\nHBC Sigortas\u0131<\/a> veya MCCB<\/td>\n10-50ms<\/td>\n\u015eebeke bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyin, bina korumas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AC-DC Do\u011frultucu<\/td>\naR Yar\u0131 \u0130letken Sigortas\u0131<\/td>\n<5ms<\/td>\nIGBT\/diyot k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc korumas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DC Veriyolu\/Ba\u011flant\u0131<\/td>\nUltra H\u0131zl\u0131 DC Sigortas\u0131<\/td>\n<3ms<\/td>\nKondansat\u00f6r bankas\u0131 ve invert\u00f6r korumas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DC \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (Ara\u00e7 Taraf\u0131)<\/td>\nDC Dereceli Sigorta + Kontakt\u00f6r<\/td>\n<10ms<\/td>\nKablo ve ara\u00e7 BMS korumas\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim Korumas\u0131: D\u0131\u015f Mekan Kurulumu Zorlu\u011fu<\/h3>\n

DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131 tipik olarak a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan d\u0131\u015f mekan konumlar\u0131na (otoyol dinlenme alanlar\u0131, otopark yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve ticari alanlar) kurulur ve burada s\u00fcrekli olarak ge\u00e7ici a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimlere maruz kal\u0131rlar. Kontroll\u00fc i\u00e7 mekan ortamlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, d\u0131\u015f mekan \u015farj altyap\u0131s\u0131 birden fazla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim kayna\u011f\u0131na maruz kal\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m kaynakl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimler<\/strong>: 1 km'ye kadar uzaktaki dolayl\u0131 vuru\u015flar bile g\u00fc\u00e7 hatlar\u0131nda ve ileti\u015fim kablolar\u0131nda 6.000V'u a\u015fan gerilim y\u00fckselmelerine neden olabilir.<\/li>\n
  • Anahtarlama ge\u00e7i\u015fleri<\/strong>: \u015eebeke anahtarlama i\u015flemleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck motor \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve kondansat\u00f6r bankas\u0131 anahtarlamas\u0131 800V ila 2.000V aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen gerilim y\u00fckselmeleri yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Elektrostatik de\u015farj<\/strong>: Kuru iklimlerde, yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ekipman \u00fczerindeki statik birikim, kontrol devrelerine de\u015farj olarak ileti\u015fim mod\u00fcllerine ve ekran sistemlerine zarar verebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Elektrikli ara\u00e7 Batarya Y\u00f6netim Sistemleri (BMS) bir miktar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim korumas\u0131 i\u00e7erse de, batarya paketini korumak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r - bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m dalgas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm enerjisini emmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil. \u015earj istasyonu, gerilimler ara\u00e7 konekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce birincil a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim korumas\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Technical
    SPD ve sigorta konumlar\u0131 ile DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj istasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in VIOX \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 koruma sistemini g\u00f6steren teknik \u015fema<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Uluslararas\u0131 Standartlar: Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz Koruma Gereksinimleri<\/h2>\n

    IEC 61851 ve UL 2202: D\u00fczenleyici \u00c7er\u00e7eve<\/h3>\n

    K\u00fcresel EV \u015farj end\u00fcstrisi, koruma cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a zorunlu k\u0131lan kat\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. IEC 61851 (Elektrikli Ara\u00e7 \u0130letken \u015earj Sistemi), a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m korumas\u0131, toprak ar\u0131zas\u0131 alg\u0131lama ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmler de dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm EV \u015farj ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in temel gereksinimleri belirler.<\/p>\n

    Kuzey Amerika pazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in UL 2202 (Elektrikli Ara\u00e7 \u015earj Sistemi Ekipman\u0131), Ulusal Elektrik Kodu (NEC) Madde 625 ile uyumlu ek gereksinimler sa\u011flar. Bu standartlar \u015funlar\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u015earj ekipman\u0131 derecesine g\u00f6re boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m koruma cihazlar\u0131<\/li>\n
    • Personel g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in UL 2231 gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layan toprak ar\u0131zas\u0131 korumas\u0131<\/li>\n
    • D\u0131\u015f mekan kurulumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim korumas\u0131 (NEC 2020 g\u00fcncellemesine g\u00f6re)<\/li>\n
    • Ark ar\u0131zas\u0131 alg\u0131lama ve kesme yetenekleri<\/li>\n
    • Toplam sistem kapanmas\u0131 olmadan ar\u0131zalar\u0131 izole etmek i\u00e7in koordineli koruma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Uyumluluk iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir - bu sertifikalar, \u015febeke ba\u011flant\u0131 onaylar\u0131, kurulum izinleri ve sigorta kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6n ko\u015fuldur. Uyumsuz kurulumlar sorumluluk riskine maruz kal\u0131r ve \u015farj a\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131m anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulabilir.<\/p>\n

      \"VIOX
      DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihaz\u0131 elektrik paneline kurulu VIOX a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruma cihazlar\u0131 ve yar\u0131 iletken sigortalar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      EV \u015earj Uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Do\u011fru SPD'yi Se\u00e7me<\/h2>\n

      Tip S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Koordinasyonu<\/h3>\n

      EV \u015farj\u0131 i\u00e7in A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Gerilim Koruma Cihazlar\u0131, kurulum konumuna ve tehdit seviyesine g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilen IEC 61643-11 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eder:<\/p>\n

      Tip 1 SPD (S\u0131n\u0131f I)<\/strong>: Servis giri\u015fine kurulan bu cihazlar, do\u011frudan y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmelerini ve \u015febeke d\u00fczeyindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimleri y\u00f6netir. Faz ba\u015f\u0131na 25kA'ya kadar (10\/350\u03bcs dalga formu) de\u015farj ak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve havai g\u00fc\u00e7 beslemeleri veya entegre y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m koruma sistemleri olan \u015farj istasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunludur.<\/p>\n

      Tip 2 SPD (S\u0131n\u0131f II)<\/strong>: Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m panellerine veya do\u011frudan \u015farj ekipman\u0131na kurulur. Bunlar, 20-40kA (8\/20\u03bcs dalga formu) de\u015farj kapasitesiyle ind\u00fcklenen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimlere ve anahtarlama ge\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. T\u00fcm ticari EV \u015farj kurulumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in minimum gereksinimdir.<\/p>\n

      Tip 1+2 Kombine SPD<\/strong>: DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu hibrit cihazlar, tek bir kompakt \u00fcnitede hem y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m seviyesinde koruma hem de ind\u00fcklenen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim korumas\u0131 sa\u011flayarak kurulumu basitle\u015ftirir ve koordineli yan\u0131t sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

      DC \u015earj i\u00e7in Kritik SPD \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3>\n

      DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in SPD'leri belirtirken, \u015fu temel parametrelere odaklan\u0131n:<\/p>\n

      EV \u015earj \u0130stasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in SPD Performans Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u015eartname<\/th>\nTip 1 SPD<\/th>\nTip 2 SPD<\/th>\nTip 1+2 Hibrit<\/th>\nGereksinim Temeli<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Maksimum De\u015farj Ak\u0131m\u0131 (Imax)<\/td>\n25kA (10\/350\u03bcs)<\/td>\n40kA (8\/20\u03bcs)<\/td>\n25kA+40kA<\/td>\nIEC 61643-11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Gerilim Koruma Seviyesi (Up)<\/td>\n\u22641.500V<\/td>\n\u22641.200V<\/td>\n\u22641.200V<\/td>\nIEC 61851-23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Tepki S\u00fcresi<\/td>\n<100ns<\/td>\n<25ns<\/td>\n<25ns<\/td>\nElektronik i\u00e7in kritik<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Nominal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Gerilimi (Uc)<\/td>\n275V AC<\/td>\n275V AC<\/td>\n275V AC<\/td>\n240V sistemleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Takip Ak\u0131m\u0131 Kesintisi<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nIEC 62305-4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Uzaktan Durum G\u00f6stergesi<\/td>\nGerekli<\/td>\nGerekli<\/td>\nGerekli<\/td>\n\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma S\u0131cakl\u0131k Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n-40\u00b0C ile +85\u00b0C aras\u0131<\/td>\n-40\u00b0C ile +85\u00b0C aras\u0131<\/td>\n-40\u00b0C ile +85\u00b0C aras\u0131<\/td>\nD\u0131\u015f mekan kurulumu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      DC taraf\u0131 korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in (do\u011frultucu ve ara\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda), \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc koruma modlar\u0131na (+PE, -PE, +-) sahip, 1.000V DC i\u00e7in derecelendirilmi\u015f \u00f6zel DC SPD'ler gereklidir.<\/p>\n

      \"VIOX
      SPD yerle\u015fimi ile \u00fc\u00e7 katmanl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilim koruma b\u00f6lgesi mimarisini g\u00f6steren VIOX DC \u015farj cihaz\u0131 kesit diyagram\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      Ultra H\u0131zl\u0131 Yar\u0131 \u0130letken Sigortalar: Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 Koruma<\/h2>\n

      G\u00fc\u00e7 Elektroni\u011finde Standart Sigortalar Neden Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Olur?<\/h3>\n

      DC h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015farj cihazlar\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme mod\u00fclleri, toplam sistem maliyetinin -60'\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder ve tek tek IGBT mod\u00fclleri \u20ba500 ile \u20ba3.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu yar\u0131 iletkenler son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck termal k\u00fctleye sahiptir; k\u0131sa devre durumunda normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan feci ar\u0131zaya 5 milisaniyeden k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ge\u00e7ebilirler.<\/p>\n

      Kablo korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanan standart \u201cgG\u201d veya \u201cgL\u201d sigortalar\u0131, ar\u0131za ak\u0131mlar\u0131nda 50-200 ms'lik erime s\u00fcrelerine sahiptir. Bu yan\u0131t, yar\u0131 iletken korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r. Standart bir sigorta erimeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, IGBT ba\u011flant\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaten 175\u00b0C'yi a\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve termal ka\u00e7ak ve cihaz\u0131n tahrip olmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      aR S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Sigortalar: Yar\u0131 \u0130letkenler i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Olarak \u00dcretilmi\u015ftir<\/h3>\n

      Yar\u0131 iletken korumas\u0131, \u201ca\u201dn\u0131n k\u0131smi aral\u0131kl\u0131 kesme kapasitesini (yaln\u0131zca k\u0131sa devre) ve \u201cR\u201dnin yar\u0131 iletken cihazlar i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 hareketi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi aR s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 sigortalar (IEC 60269-4 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131) gerektirir.<\/p>\n

      Bu \u00f6zel sigortalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri:<\/p>\n