{"id":18910,"date":"2025-07-25T16:27:29","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=18910"},"modified":"2025-07-25T16:33:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-25T08:33:24","slug":"ul-94-v-0-v-1-v-2-classifications-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/tr\/ul-94-v-0-v-1-v-2-classifications-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"UL 94 V-0, V-1, V-2 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma K\u0131lavuzu | Yang\u0131n G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Standartlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Giri\u015f: UL 94 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc Neden Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 veya Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Yapabilir?<\/h2>\n

Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonunuzun pili a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya elektrikli bir cihaz k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir olay ile felaket boyutunda bir yang\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki fark genellikle tek bir kritik fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: s\u00f6z konusu plastik malzemelerin yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k derecesi. UL 94<\/a> Derecelendirmeler yaln\u0131zca teknik ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar de\u011fildir; genellikle bir par\u00e7an\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k, t\u0131p, otomotiv ve t\u00fcketici elektroni\u011fi gibi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f end\u00fcstrilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler, uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n, maliyetli yeniden tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n ve ge\u00e7 a\u015famada sertifikasyon ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Plastiklerin nas\u0131l yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye ve insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131 y\u00f6netmelikleri, \u00fcr\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131 ve sekt\u00f6r y\u00f6netmelikleri, malzemelerin belirli uygulamalarda kullan\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gereken yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gerekliliklerini s\u0131kl\u0131kla belirtir. Bu kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131lavuz, test metodolojilerinden ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya uygulamalar\u0131na kadar UL 94 V-0, V-1 ve V-2 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilmeniz gereken her \u015feyi ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

UL 94 Nedir? Plastik Yang\u0131n G\u00fcvenli\u011finin Temellerini Anlamak<\/h2>\n

\"UL\"<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstri G\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u015eekillendiren Standart<\/h3>\n

UL 94, Cihaz ve Ayg\u0131tlardaki Par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in Plastik Malzemelerin Yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Standard\u0131, UL 94 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan bir plastik yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k standard\u0131d\u0131r. Underwriters Laboratuvarlar\u0131<\/a> Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde. Bu standart, numune tutu\u015fturulduktan sonra malzemenin alevi s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme veya yayma e\u011filimini belirler.<\/p>\n

UL-94 art\u0131k IEC 60695-11-10 ve 60695-11-20 ve ISO 9772 ve 9773 ile uyumlu hale getirilmi\u015f olup, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Temel Test \u0130lkeleri<\/h3>\n

UL 94 standard\u0131, aleve maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda plastik malzemelerin \u00fc\u00e7 kritik y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kendi kendini s\u00f6nd\u00fcren davran\u0131\u015f<\/strong> \u2013 Tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra malzemelerin yanmas\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7abuk durur?<\/li>\n
  2. Damlama \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong> \u2013 Yanan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp ikincil malzemeleri tutu\u015fturup tutu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n
  3. Alev yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi<\/strong> \u2013 Malzemenin yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme yetene\u011fi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    UL 94, plastiklerin a\u00e7\u0131k aleve nas\u0131l tepki verdi\u011fini, tutu\u015fma s\u00fcresini, kendi kendine s\u00f6nme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve alev damlalar\u0131n\u0131n ikincil bir pamuk g\u00f6stergesini tutu\u015fturup tutu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirir.<\/p>\n

    UL 94 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Sistemi: En Azdan En \u00c7ok Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131ya<\/h2>\n

    Tam Derecelendirme Hiyerar\u015fisi<\/h3>\n

    K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli alev testlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re malzemelere atanm\u0131\u015f 12 adet UL 94 alev s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalardan alt\u0131s\u0131, muhafazalar\u0131n, yap\u0131sal par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve t\u00fcketici elektroni\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde bulunan izolat\u00f6rlerin \u00fcretiminde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan malzemelerle ilgilidir (5VA, 5VB, V-0, V-1, V-2, HB).<\/p>\n

    UL 94 Derecelendirme \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi'ni Tamamlay\u0131n (En Azdan En \u00c7ok Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131):<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • HB (Yatay Yanma)<\/strong> \u2013 Kontroll\u00fc yanma h\u0131z\u0131na sahip temel alev direnci<\/li>\n
    • V-2<\/strong> \u2013 Alevli damlalarla kendi kendine s\u00f6nme \u00f6zelli\u011fi mevcuttur<\/li>\n
    • V-1<\/strong> \u2013 Sadece alevsiz damlalarla kendi kendine s\u00f6ner<\/li>\n
    • V-0<\/strong> \u2013 Alevli damlama olmadan \u00fcst\u00fcn kendi kendini s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00f6zelli\u011fi<\/li>\n
    • 5VB<\/strong> \u2013 Olas\u0131 yanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu alev direnci<\/li>\n
    • 5VA<\/strong> \u2013 Yanma riski olmadan maksimum alev direnci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      UL 94 V-0, V-1 ve V-2: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Analizi<\/h2>\n

      V-0 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131: Yang\u0131n G\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in Alt\u0131n Standart<\/h3>\n

      V-0 Derecelendirmesi i\u00e7in Test Kriterleri:<\/strong>
      V-0 (Dikey Yanma): Dikey numunede yanma 10 saniye i\u00e7inde durur; alev almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece par\u00e7ac\u0131k damlamalar\u0131na izin verilir.<\/p>\n

      Belirli V-0 Gereksinimleri:<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Kontroll\u00fc alev uyguland\u0131ktan sonra yanma 10 saniyeden fazla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fcyor<\/li>\n
      • 5 numune i\u00e7in toplam alevli yanma s\u00fcresi 50 saniyeyi ge\u00e7mez<\/li>\n
      • Numunelerin hi\u00e7biri alevli veya k\u0131zg\u0131n yanma yoluyla montaj kelep\u00e7esine kadar yanmad\u0131<\/li>\n
      • Numunelerin hi\u00e7biri, altlar\u0131ndaki cerrahi pamu\u011fun tutu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olan alev par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 damlatmad\u0131<\/li>\n
      • \u0130kinci kontroll\u00fc alev \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra numunelerde 30 saniyeden uzun s\u00fcre parlayan yanma g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V-1 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131: G\u00fcvenilir Yang\u0131n Korumas\u0131<\/h3>\n

        V-1 Derecelendirmesi i\u00e7in Test Kriterleri:<\/strong>
        V-1 (Dikey Yanma): Dikey numunede yanma 30 saniye i\u00e7inde durur; alev almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece par\u00e7ac\u0131k damlamalar\u0131na izin verilir.<\/p>\n

        V-1'in Temel \u00d6zellikleri:<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yanma s\u00fcresi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (V-0 i\u00e7in 10 saniyeye k\u0131yasla 30 saniyeye kadar)<\/li>\n
        • Alev almayan damlalara izin verilir<\/li>\n
        • V-0 ile ayn\u0131 pamuk ate\u015fleme yasa\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n
        • Biraz daha uzun yanma s\u00fcrelerinin kabul edilebilir oldu\u011fu uygulamalar i\u00e7in uygundur<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          V-2 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131: Temel Dikey Yang\u0131na Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n

          V-2 Derecelendirmesi i\u00e7in Test Kriterleri:<\/strong>
          V-2 (Dikey Yanma): Dikey numunede yanma 30 saniye i\u00e7inde durur; alev par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n damlamas\u0131na izin verilir.<\/p>\n

          Kritik V-2 Ayr\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • V-1 ile V-2 aras\u0131ndaki fark, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck derecelendirmenin (\u201c-2\u201d) damlalar\u0131n pamu\u011fu tutu\u015fturmas\u0131na izin vermesidir, ancak di\u011fer kriterler ayn\u0131d\u0131r (yani yanma s\u00fcreleri, alevin seyahat mesafesi)<\/li>\n
          • 30 saniyelik yanma s\u00fcresi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 (V-1 ile ayn\u0131)<\/li>\n
          • Alevli damlalara izin verilir ve pamuk g\u00f6stergesini tutu\u015fturabilir<\/li>\n
          • Bir\u00e7ok uygulama i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dikey yanma s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Analiz: V-0 - V-1 - V-2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/th>\nYanma S\u00fcresi S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\nDamlama Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/th>\nPamuk Ate\u015fleme<\/th>\nEn \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
            V-0<\/strong><\/td>\n10 saniye<\/td>\nSadece alevsiz<\/td>\nYasak<\/td>\nKritik elektronik cihazlar, t\u0131bbi cihazlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            V-1<\/strong><\/td>\n30 saniye<\/td>\nSadece alevsiz<\/td>\nYasak<\/td>\nGenel elektronik, ev aletleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            V-2<\/strong><\/td>\n30 saniye<\/td>\nAlevlenmeye izin verildi<\/td>\n\u0130zin verildi<\/td>\nKritik olmayan uygulamalar, yap\u0131sal bile\u015fenler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            UL 94 Test Metodolojisi: S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131n Arkas\u0131<\/h2>\n

            Dikey Yanma Testi Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc<\/h3>\n

            Bu test, dikey olarak y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f polimer numunesinin kendi kendine s\u00f6nme s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7er. Test numunesinin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 bir standa sabitlenir ve br\u00fcl\u00f6r do\u011frudan numunenin alt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

            Standart Test Spesifikasyonlar\u0131:<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Standart UL94 test numunesi 5 in\u00e7 (127 mm) uzunlu\u011funda ve 0,5 in\u00e7 (12,7 mm) geni\u015fli\u011findedir<\/li>\n
            • V serisi i\u00e7in, her seferinde on saniye olmak \u00fczere iki kez 20 mm'lik bir alev uygulan\u0131r<\/li>\n
            • Test numuneleri belirli s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n
            • Test, hem yanma hem de yanma sonras\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131rma s\u00fcrelerini ve yanan test numunesinin damlamas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirir<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Numune Haz\u0131rlama ve Ko\u015fulland\u0131rma<\/h3>\n

              \u00d6n Test Gereksinimleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • 23\u00b0C'de 50% ba\u011f\u0131l nemde 48 saat \u015fartland\u0131rma<\/li>\n
              • Belirli test setleri i\u00e7in s\u0131cak hava f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda 70\u00b0C'de ek 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015fartland\u0131rma<\/li>\n
              • Belirli numune boyutlar\u0131 ve montaj prosed\u00fcrleri<\/li>\n
              • Pamuk g\u00f6stergesinin test numunesinin 12 in\u00e7 alt\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Test Ortam\u0131 ve Ekipman\u0131<\/h3>\n

                Test ortam\u0131, farkl\u0131 laboratuvarlarda tekrarlanabilir sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in alev y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, uygulama s\u00fcresi, ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm do\u011frulu\u011fu gibi de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin hassas bir \u015fekilde kontrol edilmesini gerektirir.<\/p>\n