{"id":20972,"date":"2025-12-24T23:28:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=20972"},"modified":"2025-12-24T23:29:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:29:33","slug":"tvss-vs-spd-ul-1449-standards-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/tvss-vs-spd-ul-1449-standards-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"TVSS UL 1449 Standards: Legacy vs Modern SPD"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Introduction: The Terminology Shift from TVSS to SPD<\/h2>\n

If you\u2019ve worked with electrical systems for more than a decade, you\u2019ve likely encountered both terms: TVSS<\/strong> (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor) and SPD<\/strong> (Surge Protective Device)<\/a>. What began as a simple name change in 2009 represents a fundamental evolution in safety standards, testing rigor, and protection philosophy. This article examines the journey from legacy TVSS devices governed by UL 1449\u2019s early editions to modern SPDs that meet the current 5th Edition requirements.<\/p>\n

For engineers, contractors, and facility managers, understanding this transition isn\u2019t just academic\u2014it directly impacts system safety, compliance, and equipment longevity. We\u2019ll explore the historical context, technical differences, and practical implications of upgrading from TVSS to SPD protection. Whether you\u2019re maintaining legacy infrastructure or specifying new installations, this guide provides the clarity needed to make informed decisions in an evolving standards landscape.<\/p>\n

\"VIOX
Figure 1: High-performance VIOX Surge Protective Device (SPD) installed within an industrial electrical control panel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Historical Context: UL 1449 1st & 2nd Editions (TVSS Era)<\/h2>\n

Before 2009, surge protection devices in North America were universally labeled as TVSS<\/strong> (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors) under UL 1449\u2019s 1st (1985) and 2nd (1998) Editions. These early standards established baseline safety requirements but lacked the rigorous performance testing of modern SPDs.<\/p>\n

TVSS devices were primarily evaluated for basic safety\u2014preventing fire and shock hazards\u2014using the Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR)<\/strong> test with a modest 500\u2011ampere surge current. This provided a comparison metric but didn\u2019t simulate intense real\u2011world surge events.<\/p>\n

Installation was inherently restrictive: TVSS units were only recognized for the \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038<\/strong> (downstream) of the main service disconnect, excluding them from service\u2011entrance protection where lightning\u2011induced surges typically enter a building.<\/p>\n

Many facilities still operate TVSS devices installed before 2009. While functional, they lack modern thermal protection, higher\u2011current surge durability (3,000A testing), current NEC compliance, and fail\u2011safe features that prevent catastrophic failure modes. This historical context explains why the transition to SPD terminology represented a fundamental upgrade in safety philosophy and performance expectations.<\/p>\n

\"UL
Figure 2: Timeline showing the evolution of UL 1449 standards from early TVSS to modern SPD requirements.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The Modern Transition: UL 1449 3rd Edition and Beyond<\/h2>\n

The release of UL 1449 3rd Edition in 2009<\/strong> marked a paradigm shift in surge protection. The standard consolidated previously separate categories (TVSS and secondary surge arresters) under the unified term Surge Protective Device (SPD)<\/strong>. This wasn\u2019t merely rebranding\u2014it reflected an international harmonization effort aligning UL standards with IEC terminology and the National Electrical Code (NEC).<\/p>\n

Key Changes Introduced in the 3rd Edition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Change<\/th>\nLegacy (TVSS \/ 2nd Ed)<\/th>\nModern (SPD \/ 3rd Ed)<\/th>\n\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Terminology<\/strong><\/td>\nTVSS<\/td>\nSPD<\/td>\nAligns with global standards (IEC 61643-11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1032<\/strong><\/td>\n500A<\/td>\n3,000A<\/strong> (6\u00d7 higher)<\/td>\nSimulates more realistic surge conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u1038\u1001\u103a\u1000\u1039<\/strong><\/td>\nSVR (Suppressed Voltage Rating)<\/td>\nVPR<\/strong> (Voltage Protection Rating)<\/td>\nHigher numerical values don\u2019t mean worse performance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Durability Metric<\/strong><\/td>\nNone specified<\/td>\nNominal Discharge Current (I\u2099)<\/strong><\/td>\nDevices must survive 15 consecutive surges at rated current<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Installation Scope<\/strong><\/td>\nLoad-side only<\/td>\nTypes 1-5<\/strong> based on location<\/td>\nEnables service entrance (line-side) protection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Evolution Through 4th and 5th Editions<\/h3>\n

Subsequent editions refined safety requirements for emerging technologies:<\/p>\n

The 4th Edition (2014\/2017) enhanced testing for thermal protection and failure modes, ensuring SPDs fail safely without creating fire hazards. The 5th Edition (2021, updated through 2025) added specific requirements for DC and photovoltaic (PV) systems up to 1500V DC, USB charging circuits integrated into Type 3 SPDs, insulation between traces on multi\u2011layer printed wiring boards, and damp\u2011location compliance for Type 5 components.<\/p>\n

The SPD Classification System<\/h3>\n

Modern UL 1449 categorizes surge protectors into five \u201cTypes\u201d based on installation location and construction:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1041<\/strong>: Permanent SPDs for line-side (service entrance) installation<\/li>\n
  • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1042<\/strong>: Permanent SPDs for load-side (distribution panel) installation\u2014the direct successor to TVSS devices<\/li>\n
  • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1043<\/strong>: Point-of-utilization SPDs (plug-in strips, receptacle types)<\/li>\n
  • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1044<\/strong>: Component assemblies for integration into other equipment<\/li>\n
  • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1045<\/strong>: Discrete components (MOVs, GDTs) for circuit board mounting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    This framework provides clarity for specifiers and installers, replacing the ambiguous TVSS label with precise application guidance.<\/p>\n

    Key Technical Differences: SVR vs VPR, Testing Standards, Safety Features<\/h2>\n

    The transition from TVSS to SPD involved substantial technical upgrades that affect performance, safety, and specification. Understanding these differences is essential for proper device selection and system design.<\/p>\n

    \"Schematic
    Figure 3: Schematic diagram illustrating the circuitry differences between legacy TVSS and modern SPD configurations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Voltage Rating Evolution: SVR to VPR<\/h3>\n

    The most noticeable change for engineers is the voltage rating terminology and testing methodology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u1007\u102c\u1010\u102d<\/th>\nSVR (Suppressed Voltage Rating)<\/th>\nVPR (Voltage Protection Rating)<\/th>\nPractical Implication<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1032<\/strong><\/td>\n500A<\/td>\n3,000A<\/strong> (6\u00d7 higher)<\/td>\nVPR values appear higher but represent more realistic surge conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102c<\/strong><\/td>\nPeak let-through voltage during single surge<\/td>\nMaximum voltage under repeated 3,000A surges<\/td>\nVPR \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u104a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/td>\n120V \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a 330V, 400V, 500V<\/td>\n330V, 400V, 500V, 600V<\/strong> \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a<\/td>\n600V VPR \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a 500V SVR \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u1010\u1036\u1006\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u201cSVR: 500V\u201d<\/td>\n\u201cVPR: 600V\u201d<\/td>\nSVR \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a VPR \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong>: 600V VPR \u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e SPD \u101e\u100a\u103a 500V SVR \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 TVSS \u1011\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102c\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (3,000A vs 500A) \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c VPR \u1014\u1036\u1015\u102b\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

    \u1010\u102c\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038- \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (I\u2099)<\/h3>\n

    \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 TVSS \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e UL 1449 \u101e\u100a\u103a SPDs \u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1015\u103c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1041\u1045 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a<\/strong> \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a<\/th>\n\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c<\/th>\n\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 TVSS \u1001\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/th>\n\u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e SPD \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    10kA I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/td>\n\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/td>\n15 \u00d7 10kA \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    20kA I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1026<\/td>\n\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a<\/td>\n\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u101e\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    40kA I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a<\/td>\nTVSS \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/td>\n\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1041 SPDs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u1024\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a SPDs \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u101e\u102c \u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u2014\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038 TVSS \u101a\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

    \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u102b\u101b\u1015\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n

    \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e SPDs \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a TVSS \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1019\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1019\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u102e \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n
    2. Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)<\/strong>: \u1021\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1011\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n
    3. Fail-Safe \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: SPDs \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1018\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u201c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c\u201d \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1002\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102e\u101a\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b\u2014\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n
    4. \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>: \u1015\u1009\u1039\u1005\u1019\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1036 \u1018\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u1014\u1031 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \"Cutaway
      \u1015\u102f\u1036 \u1044- \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e VIOX SPD \u104f \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u104b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n

      \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u102b \u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a TVSS \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a SPD \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038<\/th>\nUL 1449 2nd Ed (TVSS)<\/th>\nUL 1449 5th Ed (SPD)<\/th>\n\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/td>\n500A \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n3,000A \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u1046 \u1006 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u101a\u102c\u1009\u103a\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/td>\nDuty cycle \u101e\u102c<\/td>\nI\u2099 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1041\u1045 \u1000\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a<\/td>\n\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1021\u1015\u1030<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036 \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Short Circuit<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1021\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101d SCCR \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      DC\/PV<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/td>\n\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038 1500V DC \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1032 \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u1024\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1007\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a- \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u101c\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101a\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u101b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104b.<\/p>\n

      SPD \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038- \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1041-\u1045 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/h2>\n

      \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e UL 1449 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u104a \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u104d \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1004\u102b\u1038\u1001\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201cTVSS\u201d \u1021\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1019\u1030\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1005\u103d\u102c \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038<\/th>\n\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c<\/th>\nPrimary Function<\/th>\n\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/th>\n\u1015\u1036\u102f\u1019\u103d\u1014\u1039\u1021\u101e\u1036\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103a\u103b\u1001\u1004\u1039\u1038<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1041<\/strong><\/td>\n\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a (\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a)<\/td>\n\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\n\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (100-200kA)\u104a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u104a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015 OCPD \u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/td>\n\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1042<\/strong><\/td>\nLoad-side (\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 panel)<\/td>\n\u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101a\u102c\u101a\u102e\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\nTVSS \u104f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015 OCPD \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a 10-40kA<\/td>\n\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1030\u1014\u1031\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f main panel \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 panel \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1043<\/strong><\/td>\nPoint-of-use (panel \u1019\u103e \u226510m)<\/td>\n\u1021\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1012\u1031\u101e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\nplug-in strips & receptacle-type SPDs, status indicators, USB \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1016\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a IT racks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1044<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c sub-assemblies<\/td>\n\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c Surge \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\nStandalone field installation \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104a panelboard & switchgear \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a OEM \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1045<\/strong><\/td>\nDiscrete components<\/td>\nPrinted circuit board \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a circuit-level \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/td>\nTypes 1-4 \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1031\u102c Raw components (MOVs, GDTs, TVS diodes), damp-location \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/td>\nPCB-mounted \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u1024 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a specifiers \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a installers \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c TVSS \u1001\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1000\u103a \u101e\u102d\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

      \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038- Legacy \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n

      TVSS-to-SPD \u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1024\u1021\u101e\u102d\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a legacy \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u104a \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1026\u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

      Legacy TVSS \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a<\/h3>\n

      \u1021\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 TVSS \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u101e\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a surge \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a status indicators \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u201cprotected\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n
      2. \u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b.<\/li>\n
      3. \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036\u104a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d UL 1449 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u1014\u1031 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/li>\n
      4. \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1007\u101a\u102c\u1038<\/strong>: \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1041\u1040-\u1041\u1045 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a SPD \u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038)\u104b.<\/li>\n
      5. \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1019\u102e\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong>: legacy TVSS \u101a\u1030\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038 module \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1001\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1001\u1032\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031- NEC, UL \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a IEC<\/h3>\n

        \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e surge \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a- NEC (Article 285) \u101e\u100a\u103a SPDs \u1000\u102d\u102f UL 1449 \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c TVSS \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a; UL 1449 5th Edition \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a; IEC 61643-11 \u101e\u100a\u103a UL 1449 3rd+ edition \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1036\u1037\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

        \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n

        \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a SPDs \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b-<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b<\/strong>: \u1005\u102c\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101d\u101a\u103a\u101a\u1030\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u201cTVSS\u201d \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u201cSPD\u201d \u101f\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n
        2. UL 1449 5th Edition \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b<\/strong>: \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b.<\/li>\n
        3. \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031<\/strong>: \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 1-5 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n
        4. \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b<\/strong>: \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1026\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 1 (\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a) + \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 2 (\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038) + \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 3 (point-of-use) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n
        5. \u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b<\/strong>: SPD short-circuit ratings \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a upstream overcurrent \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1005\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a-\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1019\u1030\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a<\/h3>\n

          TVSS \u1019\u103e \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e SPDs \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1005\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038) \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101a\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1031\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1007\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101a\u1031\u1018\u102f\u101a\u103b\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u1031\u1016\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a- \u1008\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a downtime \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u102c\u1019\u1001\u1036 \u1015\u101b\u102e\u1019\u102e\u101a\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1005\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b.<\/p>\n

          \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1021\u102f\u1036 (\u1041\u1049\u1049\u1045)<\/strong>: load-side TVSS \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 2 SPDs \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102b; \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 1 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n
          • \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102f\u1036<\/strong>: \u1021\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1011\u100a\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102b- \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 1 (\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f), \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 2 (\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038), \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 3 (PLC cabinets)\u104b.<\/li>\n
          • \u1012\u1031\u1010\u102c\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1032\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong>: UPS inputs \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d legacy TVSS \u1000\u102d\u102f high-current \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 2 SPDs \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102b; server racks \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 3 \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1041: TVSS \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a SPD \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n

            \u1010\u1032\u1037<\/strong>: \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b. TVSS<\/strong> (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor) \u101e\u100a\u103a UL 1449 1st \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 2nd Editions (\u1042\u1040\u1040\u1049 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102e) \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c legacy \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b. SPD<\/strong> (Surge Protective Device) \u101e\u100a\u103a UL 1449 3rd Edition \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d 5th Edition \u1021\u1011\u102d \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e\u104a \u1005\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a SPD \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (3,000A vs 500A surge currents), \u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u102b\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 1-5 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

            \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1042: \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u104f \u1021\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 TVSS \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n

            \u1010\u1032\u1037<\/strong>: legacy TVSS \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1002\u102b\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d NEC \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u1000\u101a\u103a\u104d- (\u1041) \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101a\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u101e\u1015\u102b\u1000\u104a (\u1042) \u1021\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1000\u104a (\u1043) \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d UL 1449 \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a (\u1044) \u1041\u1040-\u1041\u1045 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a\u104f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b.<\/p>\n

            \u1019\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1043: VPR ratings \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101f\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 SVR ratings \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n

            \u1010\u1032\u1037<\/strong>: \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1002\u100f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b. VPR<\/strong> (Voltage Protection Rating) \u101e\u100a\u103a 3,000A \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f current \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 SVR<\/strong> (Suppressed Voltage Rating) \u101e\u100a\u103a 500A \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u1032\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b 600V VPR \u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1019\u102e SPD \u101e\u100a\u103a 500V SVR rating \u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c legacy TVSS \u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104a \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c VPR \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c surge \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n

            Q4: What SPD Type should I specify for a new commercial building?<\/h3>\n

            \u1010\u1032\u1037<\/strong>: For comprehensive protection, consider a layered approach:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1041<\/strong> at the service entrance for lightning protection (if high lightning risk)<\/li>\n
            • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1042<\/strong> at main distribution panels for residual surge protection<\/li>\n
            • \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1043<\/strong> at critical equipment locations (server rooms, control cabinets)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Always verify coordination with upstream overcurrent protection and ensure devices are UL 1449 5th Edition listed.<\/p>\n

              Conclusion: Future Trends and VIOX\u2019s Role<\/h2>\n

              The evolution from TVSS to SPD represents more than terminology\u2014it reflects advancing safety science, changing electrical environments, and growing recognition of surge protection as essential infrastructure. As standards continue to evolve, several trends are shaping the future of surge protection:<\/p>\n

              Emerging Standards Direction<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Integration with Smart Grids<\/strong>: SPDs with communication capabilities for remote monitoring and predictive maintenance<\/li>\n
              • Enhanced DC Protection<\/strong>: Refined requirements for electric vehicle charging, battery storage, and high-voltage solar arrays<\/li>\n
              • Cybersecurity Considerations<\/strong>: Protection for connected SPDs against digital threats in industrial IoT environments<\/li>\n
              • Sustainability Focus<\/strong>: Materials selection and end-of-life recycling requirements for surge protection components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                VIOX\u2019s Commitment to Standards Leadership<\/h3>\n

                As a leading manufacturer of electrical protection equipment, VIOX Electric maintains active participation in standards development organizations. Our SPD product line fully complies with UL 1449 5th Edition requirements, incorporating:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Advanced thermal protection mechanisms<\/li>\n
                • High-current surge durability testing<\/li>\n
                • Clear Type 1-5 classification labeling<\/li>\n
                • Comprehensive documentation for proper specification and installation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Moving Forward with Confidence<\/h3>\n

                  Whether you\u2019re maintaining legacy TVSS installations or specifying new SPD systems, understanding this standards evolution enables informed decision-making. By embracing modern SPD technology and current UL 1449 requirements, electrical professionals can ensure system safety, equipment longevity, and regulatory compliance in an increasingly complex electrical landscape.<\/p>\n

                  For technical specifications, application guidance, or product selection assistance with VIOX Surge Protective Devices, contact our engineering support team or visit the SPD product section on VIOX.com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Introduction: The Terminology Shift from TVSS to SPD If you’ve worked with electrical systems for more than a decade, you’ve likely encountered both terms: TVSS (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor) and SPD (Surge Protective Device). What began as a simple name change in 2009 represents a fundamental evolution in safety standards, testing rigor, and protection philosophy. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20972"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20974,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972\/revisions\/20974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}