{"id":18289,"date":"2025-07-11T09:20:30","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T01:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=18289"},"modified":"2025-07-11T09:20:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T01:20:33","slug":"understanding-the-difference-between-volts-and-current","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/understanding-the-difference-between-volts-and-current\/","title":{"rendered":"Volts \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Current \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p><strong>DIY \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1030\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1021\u1000\u103b\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1032\u1019\u103e \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u103d\u1032\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1024\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h2>\n<p>\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1019\u102e\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u1030\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1040\u102b\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104a \u1024\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1024\u101b\u1031 \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u101b\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1024\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>volts \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a current \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1024\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f-<\/strong> \u1024\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a DIY \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1019\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a) \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u101e\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u102d\u101b\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<h2>Voltage \u1000\u102d\u102f Real-World \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (V) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u104f \u101b\u1031\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 conductor \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>Water Pressure Analogy<\/h3>\n<p>\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u1021\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u103d\u1032\u1004\u1004\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1030\u104a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102c \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u104a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a &quot;\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038&quot; \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104f\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037 (V) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a (\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037)<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1014\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1018\u102f\u1036\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038 AA \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e<\/strong> 1.5V DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e<\/strong> 12V DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>USB \u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038-<\/strong> 5V DC<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> 120V AC (US) \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a 240V AC (\u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> 10,000V+ AC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1024\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> 1.5V \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1019\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032 \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>Voltage \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18291\" src=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Measuring-Voltage.webp\" alt=\"Measuring Voltage\" width=\"728\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Measuring-Voltage.webp 728w, https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Measuring-Voltage-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Measuring-Voltage-16x12.webp 16w, https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Measuring-Voltage-600x450.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Credit to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/Measure-Voltage\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WIKIHOW<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a (V) \u101f\u102f\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1009\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b (\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>Multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u104d \u1005\u1030\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u103c\u101e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>DC \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1014\u102e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u104a \u1021\u1014\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1014\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1005\u1030\u1038\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ast-oembed-container\" style=\"height: 100%;\"><iframe title=\"Voltage \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a - Voltage \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102c\u1018\u102c\u101c\u1032\u104b \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w82aSjLuD_8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2>\u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a DIY \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1019\u103a\u1015\u102e\u101a\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103a\u1015\u102e (A) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101b\u1031\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100f\u1039\u100d\u102c\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1030\u1015\u102b\u1000\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1000\u1039\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u1031\u1015\u1019\u102c\u100f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>Current Flow \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n<p>\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u104d \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u101f\u102f\u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b <strong>\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a &quot;\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u103b\u101e\u100a\u103a&quot; \u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u2014\u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amperes (A) \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a milliamperes (mA) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c circuit \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102e\u1038\u101b\u102e\u1038\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>LED \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1019\u102e\u1038-<\/strong> 10-20 mA<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038<\/strong> 100-500 mA<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1005\u1019\u1010\u103a\u1016\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038-<\/strong> 1-2 A<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101e\u102e\u1038-<\/strong> 0.5-1 A<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038<\/strong> 10-15 A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1024\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f DIY \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1019\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a<\/strong> \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u104d \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u1015\u102b\u104b \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1030\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>Multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u101a\u1030\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1016\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u102e\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1010\u102d\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a multimeter probes \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1018\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1019\u103e \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u2014\u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c\u101b\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>LED Circuit \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c<\/h3>\n<p>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u103c\u101e\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c LED \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>9V \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e<\/strong> \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038) \u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a<\/li>\n<li><strong>330\u03a9 \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103a\u1021\u102e\u1038\u1012\u102e<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong> \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1019\u103e\u104a resistor \u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a LED \u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1021\u1014\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1024\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 \u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a 20 mA \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h2>Volts \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Current \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037 \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n<p>\u101a\u1001\u102f \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104b <strong>DIY \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u102e\u1005\u1009\u103a\u101e\u1030 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1024\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a \u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a<\/th>\n<th>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (Volts)\u104a<\/th>\n<th>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d (Amperes)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102b\u101a\u103a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038 \/ \u1021\u101c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102c\u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/td>\n<td>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Water Analogy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u101b\u1031\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038<\/td>\n<td>\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1039\u1000\u1031\u1010<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>v<\/td>\n<td>\u1004\u102b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u102c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 (\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a)<\/td>\n<td>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1005\u102e\u1038\u101b\u102e\u1038) \u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Circuit \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1018\u1032 \u1010\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<td>\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102f\u1036 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 = \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a<\/td>\n<td>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 = \u1019\u102e\u1038 \/ \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<td>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Ohm \u104f\u1025\u1015\u1012\u1031- \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a Ohm \u104f \u1025\u1015\u1012\u1031- V = I \u00d7 R \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1024\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a-<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a (\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1000)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1000)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1006-<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1006 (\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a \u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ohm&#039;s Law \u104f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LED resistor \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b (watts \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a: P = V \u00d7 I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e \u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>12V \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 2A \u101e\u100a\u103a P = 12V \u00d7 2A = 24 \u101d\u1015\u103a<\/p>\n<p>\u1024\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c 24 \u101d\u1015\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a- 24V \u00d7 1A \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a 6V \u00d7 4A<\/p>\n<h3>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1011\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101a\u1031\u1018\u102f\u101a\u103b\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u101e\u1031\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1000\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a (12V)<\/li>\n<li>\u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1031 \u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101e\u1031\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\/\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dead circuit (\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>circuit breakers\/fuses \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f)<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1019\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1036\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1030\u1038\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1026\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1000 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a DIY \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1000\u100f\u1039\u100d\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a DIY \u101d\u102b\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1021\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a (50V DC \/ 30V AC \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101a\u1031\u1018\u102f\u101a\u103b\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>DIY \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1036\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (50-1000V):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1011\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1038 DIY \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (1000V \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101e\u1031\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1012\u102e\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1019\u103e\u102c DIY \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1019\u103e \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1014\u1032\u1037\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1006 \u1011\u102d\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a<\/strong> \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101a\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103e \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1016\u103b\u102c<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 Multimeter<\/strong> \u1010\u1030\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1005\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102f\u101e\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102c\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arc \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1010\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\/ tagout \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> \u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1006 \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102c\u1038\u1006\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u1005\u1001\u1004\u103a\u104a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a (\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u101c\u1030\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lock out \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 tag out \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031 \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b (\u1014\u103e\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1010\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101a\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1001\u102b\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1030\u1038\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1032\u1037 \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1019\u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1018\u1030\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1018\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1036\u1015\u102b\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1000\u1030\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1012\u100f\u103a\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036 \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1026\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1014\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1005\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u102e\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1018\u1030\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1006\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101a\u1030\u1006\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>&quot;\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u1019\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101e\u100a\u103a&quot;<\/strong> - 12V \u101e\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1004\u103a \u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>&quot;\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e&quot;<\/strong> - \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>&quot;\u1012\u102b\u1000 \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1015\u1032&quot;<\/strong> - \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u1006 \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>&quot;\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1004\u102b\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a&quot;<\/strong> - \u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1015\u100a\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1036 \u1011\u102c\u1038\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Volts \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Current \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1021\u1014\u102c\u1002\u1010\u103a DIY \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a \u1024\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a 1- \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036 LED Circuit (\u1021\u1005\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18293\" src=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/LED-Circuit.webp\" alt=\"LED Circuit\" width=\"350\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/LED-Circuit.webp 350w, https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/LED-Circuit-300x173.webp 300w, https:\/\/test.viox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/LED-Circuit-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c LED \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u104a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1030 9V \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1014\u102e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a LED (5 \u1019\u102e\u101c\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c)<\/li>\n<li>330\u03a9 resistor (\u101c\u102d\u1019\u1039\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102d\u1019\u1039\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038)<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102f\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>Jumper \u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>9V \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1036\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a LED \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u102e \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 1: \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1018\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1011\u1032\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 LED \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b (\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>330\u03a9 resistor \u1000\u102d\u102f LED \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a jumper \u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u102e \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 2: \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f DC \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u102f\u1012\u103a (20V \u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038) \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b<\/li>\n<li>\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a 9V \u1016\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>LED \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b (\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1014\u102e\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a LED \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a 2-3V)<\/li>\n<li>resistor \u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 3- \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b (\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b)<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f DC \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102b (200mA \u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038)<\/li>\n<li>\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 multimeter \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (\u1001\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1031 20mA)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u101b\u102e\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>Resistor \u101e\u100a\u103a circuit \u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a current \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>LED \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>LED \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1019\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b<\/strong> \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b (\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>LED \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\/ \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c resistor \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a 2- \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038 (\u1021\u101c\u101a\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a LED \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c DC \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f (0-12V) \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>LED 5 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038 (\u1021\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038)<\/li>\n<li>Resistor 5 \u1001\u102f (220\u03a9 \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u102e)<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102f\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1007\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006-<\/strong> \u1024\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c LED \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1011\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u101e\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h4>\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h4>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 1- \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d-\u1000\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c LED \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036 LED \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>LED \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 2- \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>3V input \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b (LED \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102e\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 6V\u104a 9V \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a 12V \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u103e LED \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u102e\u1019\u103e \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 3- \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1005\u102e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>P=V\u00d7I \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>Parallel circuits \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a current \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1001\u103d\u1032\u101d\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u103b\u103e\u101d\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Parallel circuit \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1021\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1001\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a LED \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1005\u102f\u1005\u102f\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1001\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a 3- \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c (\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>LM317 \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c IC<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f (12-15V DC)<\/li>\n<li>240\u03a9 resistor (R1)<\/li>\n<li>1.5k\u03a9 potentiometer (R2)<\/li>\n<li>10\u03bcF capacitors \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102f\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c<\/li>\n<li>LM317 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1005\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1000\u103a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1005\u102f-<\/strong> \u1024\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b LM317 \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u1010\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1030\u101c\u102c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p><strong>Circuit \u104f \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/strong> LM317 \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a 1.25V \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104a Vout = 1.25V \u00d7 (1 + R2\/R1) \u1021\u101b \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015 resistors \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u104d \u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h4>\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/h4>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 1: regulator circuit \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102f\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1018\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a LM317 \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b (\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1000\u103a \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a)<\/li>\n<li>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a input \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a output capacitors \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>resistor \u1000\u103d\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b (R1 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a potentiometer R2)<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u102e \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 2- \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>12V input power \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>potentiometer \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u1031\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (LED \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1021\u101e\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a 3- Load \u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>load \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u1032\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a output voltage \u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b- (Pout\/Pin) \u00d7 100%<\/li>\n<li>regulator \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a input \u1000\u103d\u1032\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1030\u1010\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103e\u102d\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1021\u1011\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1000\u103c\u1036\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u1000\u103b\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1030\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u103e \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c DIY \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>AC \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a DC \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u100a\u103a DC (\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038) \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 AC (\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038) \u1000\u103d\u102c\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101e\u102d\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102d\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DC \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 polarity<\/li>\n<li>\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1026\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a<\/li>\n<li>\u1018\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u102e\u104a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a LED \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1005\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1031\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>AC \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u101c\u103e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102e (\u1021\u1019\u1031\u101b\u102d\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a 60Hz\u104a \u1025\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1015\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a 50Hz)<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1026\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1001\u102b\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u104a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1011\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1005\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1005\u102f-<\/strong> \u101c\u1030\u1037\u1000\u103c\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a AC \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u100a\u102e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101e\u1031\u102c DC \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u104d\u1021\u1014\u1039\u1010\u101b\u102c\u101a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a<\/h3>\n<p><strong>AC circuit \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a DC \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c application \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u104a voltage\u104a current \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a power \u1021\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1014\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u102d\u102f\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1010\u1000\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> \u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a (\u101d\u1015\u103a)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1011\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038-<\/strong> \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a (\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037-\u1021\u1019\u103a\u1015\u102e\u101a\u102c)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u101e\u101b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a 100% \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1001\u102f\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1015\u1030\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u1030\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a 85-95% \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>Linear regulators \u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a 30-60% \u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1007\u102c\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c- \u1015\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u102b\u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u103e\u102c\u1016\u103d\u1031\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a-<\/strong> \u1019\u102c\u101c\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1019\u102e\u1010\u102c \u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u100a\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>fuses \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\/<a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/mcb\/\">\u1016\u1032\u1001\u103b\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/a>:<\/strong> \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u101c\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u102d\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c- Circuit \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1015\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u103b\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1015\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1036\u1037\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1036\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c- \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1030\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1005\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a-<\/strong> \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1036\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1000\u1014\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1021\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101d\u1014\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1019\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u1001\u103b\u102c\u1015\u102b\u1005\u1031\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b-<\/strong> \u1021\u1015\u101c\u102e\u1000\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c Professional \u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1001\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u101c\u1032\u104b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1019\u102e\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u102b\u101a\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1015\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 (120V\/240V) \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u1006\u102d\u102f\u104a<\/li>\n<li>\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1015\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1002\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/li>\n<li>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038-\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1015\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1002\u101b\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1000\u1030\u1021\u100a\u102e \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1000\u1039\u1001\u100f\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u102b\u1010\u101c\u1032\u101c\u1032 circuit breaker \u1001\u101b\u102e\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1014\u1036\u1037\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e \u1011\u102d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1001\u1036\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1005\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u102b \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u101e\u102d\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1024\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u101c\u103d\u1032\u104d \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1015\u102b-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101b\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1036\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u1036\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1019\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a inductance<\/li>\n<li>Capacitance \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f<\/li>\n<li>\u1012\u1005\u103a\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1010\u101a\u103a \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1002\u103b\u1005\u103a\u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1019\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1010\u102c\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u102b\u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u1016\u103d\u1036\u1037\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PCB \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1015\u103a\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>Microcontroller \u1015\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1002\u101b\u1019\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/li>\n<li>\u1021\u102d\u1019\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OSHA 10 \u1014\u102c\u101b\u102e\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u1012\u1031\u101e\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1012\u103a\u1021\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n<li>Arc flash \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038<\/li>\n<li>\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1001\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\/ tagout \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1014\u102d\u1002\u102f\u1036\u1038- \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a Volts \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Current \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1015\u100a\u102c \u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1026\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038 \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1010\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a DIY \u101d\u102b\u101e\u1014\u102c\u1015\u102b\u101e\u1030\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031 \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1000\u103b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1024\u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u100a\u103d\u103e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<h3>\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u101e\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1006\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u1021\u1032\u1012\u102b\u1000 \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u102c\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1010\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1011\u1019\u1015\u1032\u104b<\/strong> \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1018\u1032<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036<\/strong> \u101e\u102e\u1021\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102e\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u102c \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1015\u100a\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1016\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1000\u1030\u1021\u100a\u102e<\/strong> \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1031\u101c\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103b\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1000\u103a\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102f\u1036 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\u1000\u102d\u101b\u102d\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1021\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101d\u102b\u101e\u1014\u102c\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u104b<\/strong> 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\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1015\u102b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/strong> \u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c LED \u1006\u102c\u1038\u1000\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031 \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u101f\u102f\u1010\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u103d\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u103d\u1032\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1005\u1031\u104a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n<p>\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104a \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1032\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1037\u1021\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u104f\u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u1005\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u102e\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u101b\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1002\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1004\u103a\u101a\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u1010\u102e\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u103f\u1014\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u2014\u1021\u102c\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1017\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u103e\u1015\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1021\u102f\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a 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The difference between volts and current is one of the most fundamental concepts you&#8217;ll encounter, yet it&#8217;s often misunderstood. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about voltage vs current, complete with practical examples, safety tips, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}