{"id":14108,"date":"2025-03-11T09:01:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T01:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=14108"},"modified":"2026-03-26T14:32:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T06:32:43","slug":"surge-protective-device-type-1-vs-type-2-vs-type-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/surge-protective-device-type-1-vs-type-2-vs-type-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of SPD: Type 1 vs Type 2 vs Type 3 Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8 <strong>\u1793\u17c3 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/spd\/\">SPD<\/a><\/strong> \u1782\u17ba <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong>, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong>, \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong>. \u17d4 \u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3 \u17ac\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799 <strong>\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u17ac\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1784\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7 \u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7 \u2014 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 <strong>IEC 61643-11<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>ANSI\/UL 1449<\/strong> (NEC) \u2014 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u17bb\u17c7\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6 <strong>\u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17c5\u179c\u17b7\u1789\u1791\u17c5\u1798\u1780\u17d4.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Layered-SPD-protection-architecture-showing-Type-1-at-service-entrance-Type-2-at-distribution-panel-and-Type-3-near-sensitive-equipment.webp\" alt=\"Layered SPD protection architecture showing Type 1 at service entrance, Type 2 at distribution panel, and Type 3 near sensitive equipment\" \/><figcaption><em>\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a SPD \u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1789\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 2 \u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 3 \u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17cf\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u17d4.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u1782\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17b9\u17c7\u200b\u1799\u1780<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 10\/350 \u00b5s \u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 8\/20 \u00b5s \u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1782\u17ba\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u17ac\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1792\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u178a\u17c5\u1782\u17ba\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1785\u17c6\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u178f<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb (\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">10\/350 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u17ac\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u17e8\/\u17e2\u17e0 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 1.2\/50 \u00b5s \u2013 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8<\/h2>\n<p>\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1793\u17c3 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1<\/strong>, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/strong>, \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u2014 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1791\u17c6\u17a0\u17c6\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b \u17ac\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u1799\u17c4\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798 <strong>\u1782.\u1787.\u1794 (\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u1798\u200b\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u200b\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7)<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>ANSI\/UL 1449<\/strong>, \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17c2\u1780\u179b\u17be\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u179a\u17c6\u1796\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17d4 \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a <strong>IEC 61643-11<\/strong> \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17d2\u1793\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1788\u17d2\u1798\u17c4\u17c7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u1780\u17d2\u1780\u179c\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 3 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u1780\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u17d6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798?<\/li>\n<li>\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7?<\/li>\n<li>\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1799\u179b\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17d4.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Electrical-single-line-diagram-showing-correct-installation-locations-for-Type-1-Type-2-and-Type-3-SPDs-in-a-low-voltage-distribution-system.webp\" alt=\"Electrical single line diagram showing correct installation locations for Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 SPDs in a low voltage distribution system\" \/><figcaption><em>\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17bc\u179f\u178f\u17b6\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 3 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u17d4.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb<\/h2>\n<p>\u1798\u17bd\u1799 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8 \u2014 \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17c6\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2 (\u17ac\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780) \u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be<\/h3>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1782\u17ba\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u179a\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 <strong>\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f 10\/350 \u00b5s<\/strong>, \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u17ac\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17c2\u179a\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b <strong>\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784 20 \u178a\u1784<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 8\/20 \u00b5s \u1793\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1796\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u1798\u17a0\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17d6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u179b<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 (LPS)<\/li>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1792\u1793\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a capacitor \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1789\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be<\/h3>\n<p>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b8 1 \u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17d6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798<\/strong> \u2014 \u1798\u17bb\u1793 \u17ac\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u179b\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792<\/li>\n<li>\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1795\u179b\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1798\u17c1\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1785\u17bc\u179b<\/li>\n<li>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17c1\u1791\u17d2\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a cascade \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u17ac\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1789\u17cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Per <strong>UL 1449<\/strong>, SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u1785\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17c3\u1799\u17cd \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u178e\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17c6\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17d4 \u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u179a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cf\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1795\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179a \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u179f\u122d\u12d3um \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784 \u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u17ac\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u1794\u17bc\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1798\u17a0\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u178a\u17b6\u179b\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1799, <strong>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/strong>. \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b (Up) \u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1799\u17d7\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u17c6\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b SPD \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798 \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb<\/h2>\n<p>\u1798\u17bd\u1799 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1789\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u17d4<\/strong>, \u1799\u17c4\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798 IEC 61643-11 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17c1 (MDB)<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799<\/li>\n<li>\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u178f\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17b6<\/li>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be<\/h3>\n<p>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u178a\u17c4\u1799 <strong>\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/strong> \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179a: <strong>\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784<\/strong> (\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u179f\u17c6) \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>Imax<\/strong> (\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6)\u17d4 \u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179b\u17be\u179f\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be (\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb)<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 (\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u1791\u17d0\u179a \u179c\u178a\u17d2\u178f HVAC \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17bc\u1793\u178f)<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780 \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u17a2\u17b6\u178f\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a \u17ac\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b (Up) \u1793\u17c3 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798 <strong>2.5 kV<\/strong> \u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 II \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799 IEC 60664-1 \u17d4 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794 SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1796\u17b8\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3 In \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793 Imax \u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1792\u17c6 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c4\u17c7\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17bf\u1799\u17d7\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17cf\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/h3>\n<p>\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1785\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u1780\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1798\u17c9\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u179c\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17c2\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1789\u17b9\u1780\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17b7\u178f\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u2014 \u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u1798\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1787\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u179a\u1799\u1793\u17d2\u178f \u178a\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1780\u1784\u17cb\u17a2\u1790\u17c1\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a \u2014 \u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1789\u17b9\u1780\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17d4 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1790\u17d2\u1784\u17c3\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1780\u17cf\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b <code>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/code> \u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1785\u17c1\u178f\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17af\u1780\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d2\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4 \u17a2\u17d2\u1793\u1780\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1780\u17c6\u1796\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u179a\u1780 SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17c9\u17c4\u1793\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17c1\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 HVAC \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17be\u179a\u1799\u1793\u17d2\u178f<\/li>\n<li>\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u1791\u17d0\u179a (MCC)<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u17b6\u1781\u17b6<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1795\u179b UPS<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c6\u17a0\u17c0\u1784 AC \u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb Inverter PV<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u17cd\u179f\u17b6\u1780 EV<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17d0\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798 \u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17ba\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17be\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17c2 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17bb\u17c6\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 SPD \u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1780\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u1797\u17b7\u1794\u17b6\u179b\u179a\u1784\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u179f\u17bc\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u178a\u17b8 \u2014 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u2014 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u1796\u17b8\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c6\u179a\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u1799\u179b\u17cb<\/h2>\n<p>\u1798\u17bd\u1799 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17d4 \u1798\u17bb\u1781\u1784\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1789\u17cb \u2014 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u17bd\u1785\u17a0\u17be\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be<\/h3>\n<p>SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1798\u17b6\u1793 <strong>\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179a\u17c6\u17a2\u17b7\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794<\/strong> \u1794\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u17af\u1784\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u179c\u17b7\u1789 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u1782\u17c1\u1780\u17c2\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1780 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 PLCs<\/li>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1789<\/li>\n<li>\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179c\u17d0\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179c\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u1784\u17cb<\/li>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd IT \u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1798\u17c1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799<\/li>\n<li>\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179c\u17c1\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c4\u1792\u1793\u17cd<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1794<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bd\u1799 IEC 61643-11, SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 <strong>\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/strong> \u2014 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 (\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b 1.2\/50 \u00b5s \u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f 8\/20 \u00b5s) \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780 (Uoc) \u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5<\/h3>\n<p>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c4\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u178f<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u1794\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd<\/li>\n<li>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u1791\u17bc\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17bc\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u17c9\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u1793\u1798\u17c1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a0\u17c1\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 IT<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179c\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u1784\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1797\u17d2\u179b\u17c1\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784 conductor \u17a2\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 <strong>10 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a (30 \u17a0\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178f)<\/strong> \u1796\u17b8\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u1791\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178e\u17c2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6 UL 1449 \u17d4 \u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17bc\u179c impedance \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784 SPD \u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u1791\u17c4\u17c7\u1794\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u178a\u17cf\u179a\u17b9\u1784\u1798\u17b6\u17c6\u1780\u17cf\u178a\u17c4\u1799 \u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u1780\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1792\u1793\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2, impedance \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1788\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1781\u17bc\u1785 \u17ac\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u17d4 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6 \"\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\" \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4.<\/p>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1782\u17ba:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u178e\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u178f\u17be\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17bb\u17c6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17b6\u178f\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178e\u17b6?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17ba <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong>, \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1794\u1785\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1780\u1791\u17c1\u179f: SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17c9\u17b6\u179a\u17c9\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">10\/350 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u17e8\/\u17e2\u17e0 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 1.2\/50 \u00b5s \u2013 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Iimp (\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">In (\u1793\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd) \/ Imax (\u17a2\u178f\u17b7\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Uoc (\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179f\u17c0\u1782\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17be\u1780)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u2014 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1798\u1792\u17d2\u1799\u1798 \u2014 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u2014 \u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Voltage Protection Level (Up)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6 \u2264 4 kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6 \u2264 2.5 kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6 \u2264 1.5 kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \/ \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799 \/ \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17af\u1780\u17af\u1784<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17b6\u1791\/\u1785\u17b6\u179f \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u17af\u1784\u1791\u17c1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17b6\u1791\/\u1785\u17b6\u179f \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u17af\u1780\u17af\u1784\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 10\/350 \u00b5s \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1799\u17ba\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u2014 \u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1799\u17bc\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u17d4 \u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 8\/20 \u00b5s \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179b\u17bf\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1784\u1798\u17bb\u1793 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1799\u17c8\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u178e\u17c8\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a5\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1796\u179b\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1796\u17b8\u17d4.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Comparison-of-10350-microsecond-and-820-microsecond-surge-waveforms-showing-energy-difference-between-Type-1-and-Type-2-SPD-testing.webp\" alt=\"Comparison of 10\/350 microsecond and 8\/20 microsecond surge waveforms showing energy difference between Type 1 and Type 2 SPD testing\" \/><figcaption><em>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c0\u1794\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u179a\u179b\u1780 10\/350 \u00b5s \u1793\u17b7\u1784 8\/20 \u00b5s \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u17c6\u179b\u17c1\u1785\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178a\u17cf\u1792\u17c6 (\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b 20x) \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u178a\u17c4\u1799 SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u17d4.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1787\u17b6\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c4\u1792\u1793\u17cd\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u200b\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u200b\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u200b\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u200b\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u200b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb SPD \u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7 <strong>\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u1796\u17b7\u178f<\/strong>. \u17d4 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u178f\u17c1\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5 8\/20 \u00b5s \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u179a\u179f\u17cb\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1787\u17b8\u179c\u17b7\u178f\u1796\u17b8\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1793\u17c3\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd 10\/350 \u00b5s \u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c1 \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17bd\u179f SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3: \u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1791\u17c1\u179f\u1780\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u179a\u17a0\u17d0\u179f<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1798\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u17b7\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1798\u17c1?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c2\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1793\u17c5\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u17af\u1780\u17af\u1784?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17c6\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1787\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d2\u1785?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h2>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c \u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780\u178a\u17cf\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1782\u17ba <strong>\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u1796\u178a\u17be\u1798 \u17ac\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1793\u17c3\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1782\u17b8\u17a1\u17bc\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1784 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17c1 \u17ac\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784 \u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17c0\u178f\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1787\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u17b8\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Energy-coordination-cascade-diagram-illustrating-how-Type-1-Type-2-and-Type-3-SPDs-progressively-reduce-surge-voltage-levels.webp\" alt=\"Energy coordination cascade diagram illustrating how Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 SPDs progressively reduce surge voltage levels\" \/><figcaption><em>\u1782\u17c6\u1793\u17bc\u179f\u178f\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17c6\u178a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a0\u17b6\u1789\u1796\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1798\u1780\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17a0\u17bc\u178f\u178a\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>\u1782\u17c4\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b<\/h3>\n<p>\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1794\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u1797\u17b6\u1796 SPDs \u1793\u17c5\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17b6\u1793 <strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b<\/strong>. \u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u200b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1790\u17b6:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SPD \u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17bd\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17be SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1794\u17b6\u1789\u17cb\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u179c\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1789\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c4\u17c7\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1799\u17d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179c\u17c2\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1793\u17b7\u1784 impedance<\/strong> \u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b SPD \u1782\u17ba\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u17c6\u1793\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u17a0\u17c1\u178f\u17bb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17c2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6 \u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c6\u1794\u17c2\u1780 10 \u1798\u17c9\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u17d4.<\/li>\n<li>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be SPDs \u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6, <strong>\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1786\u1794\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c0\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb<\/strong>. \u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u179a\u17b6\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b \u17ac\u178e\u17c2\u1793\u17b6\u17c6\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f<\/h3>\n<p>\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b8\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1782\u17ba\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1796\u17b7\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u1791\u17d0\u179a\u1792\u17d2\u1784\u1793\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u17a2\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u178e\u17b7\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1780\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb (BMS, \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784 HVAC, \u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u1789 IT)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17c1\u1791\u17d2\u1799<\/strong> \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u1791\u17bd\u179b\u1799\u1780\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1782\u17ba\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789<\/strong> \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784 inverters \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u178f\u1796\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1780\u17d2\u1781\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5<\/strong> (LPS) \u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1780\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u178f\u17c2\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u17c7\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u179f\u17bc\u1798\u1798\u17be\u179b <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/what-is-a-surge-protective-device-spd\/\">\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 (SPD) \u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c<\/h2>\n<h3>\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17d6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u179b\u17cb<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 (LPS) \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a<\/li>\n<li>\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a7\u179f\u17d2\u179f\u17b6\u17a0\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u1798\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1796\u17c1\u1791\u17d2\u1799 \u17ac\u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1791\u17b7\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a cascade \u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789<\/li>\n<li>NEC 230.67 \u17ac\u179b\u17c1\u1781\u1780\u17bc\u178a\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179f\u1798\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c3\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17d6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17ba\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1793\u17c5\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1798\u17c1 \u17ac\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u179a\u1784<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u17c4\u178f\u17a2\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178e\u17cd\u1782\u17ba\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a<\/li>\n<li>\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u178a\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u17a0\u17b6\u1793\u17b7\u1797\u17d0\u1799\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u1791\u17b6\u1794<\/li>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 HVAC \u1798\u1787\u17d2\u1788\u1798\u178e\u17d2\u178c\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u1798\u17c9\u17bc\u1791\u17d0\u179a \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 UPS \u17ac\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u1790\u17d2\u1798 EV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17d6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1780 \u17ac\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179c\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u1784\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7<\/li>\n<li>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1780\u1782\u17ba\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPDs \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb<\/li>\n<li>\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179b\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17a0\u17bb\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1782\u17ba\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb<\/li>\n<li>\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u1791\u17bc\u178a\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6 \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd IT \u17ac\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179c\u17c1\u1787\u17d2\u1787\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179b\u17d2\u17a2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178e\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h3>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17c6\u1793\u17b6\u1789\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u1787\u17b6 \u201c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3\u201d \u1791\u17c1 \u2014 \u179c\u17b6\u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6 <strong>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u17bd\u1798\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/strong> \u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u17a2\u17c2\u1780\u179b\u17be\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u1799\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b7\u1793\u17b7\u1799\u17c4\u1782\u179b\u17be\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u1796\u17a0\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1782\u17ba\u179f\u17d2\u1791\u17be\u179a\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17c2\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd \u17ac\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u179c\u17c1\u179b\u17b6\u179a\u1784\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u179b\u17be\u179f\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17b6\u1799\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1780\u17c6\u17a0\u17bb\u179f\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD<\/h2>\n<h3>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17c1\u1789\u1791\u17b9\u1780\u179a\u17c6\u17a2\u17b7\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u1782\u17ba <strong>\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u1784 \u17ac\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4<\/strong>. \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be (\u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u178f \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1) \u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u178a\u178e\u17d2\u178a\u1794\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17c2\u179a\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u17b7\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u1790\u17b6 SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb<\/h3>\n<p>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17c8\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1782\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb\u179c\u17b6 (Up) \u1787\u17b6\u1792\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u178f\u17b6\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u1780\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u17a2\u17c1\u17a1\u17b7\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1793\u17b7\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u17d4 \u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1786\u17d2\u179b\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1793\u17c5\u178f\u17c2\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1792\u17d2\u179c\u17be\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1781\u17bc\u1785\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u179a\u17bb\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17d4 SPDs \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1782\u17ba\u1785\u17b6\u17c6\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17be\u1796\u17be\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2<\/h3>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1782\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179f\u17d2\u178f\u17c2\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793, <strong>SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u178f\u17c2\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u178f\u17cb \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u179f\u1780\u179b<\/strong>. \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17bb\u1794\u1785\u17c4\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1793\u17c5\u179f\u17c1\u179f\u179f\u179b\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 \u2014 \u1787\u17b6\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5 \u2014 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u1780\u17be\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c3\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178f\u17c2\u1794\u17c9\u17bb\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u17c4\u17c7<\/h3>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d0\u1799\u179b\u17be\u17d6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/strong> \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784<\/strong> (\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17c9\u17c7\u1796\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7 \u179f\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a \u1782\u17bb\u178e\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17a1\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17d2\u1782)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u1799\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792<\/strong> (\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u178f\u17cb\u1795\u17d2\u1782\u1784\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u179b\u17be\u17a2\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179f\u1792\u17c0\u1794\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u178a\u17b8 \u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd<\/strong> (\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u179f\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6 \u201c\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780\u201d \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1785\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1799\u17c4\u1784\u178f\u17b6\u1798 IEC 61643-11 \u17ac UL 1449 \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178e\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17a1\u17be\u1799\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17a2\u179f\u17cb\u1790\u17b6\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793<\/h3>\n<p>\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1795\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u178f\u17bc\u179a\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u178f\u17bd\u1793\u17b6\u1791\u17b8\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17bd\u1793\u1785\u1784\u17cb\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u179b\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17d4 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1794\u178e\u17d2\u178f\u17b6\u179b\u17b1\u17d2\u1799\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb \u17ac\u1794\u179a\u17b6\u1787\u17d0\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6<\/h3>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c0\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u179f\u1784\u17d2\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17a0\u17c2\u179b\u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1784\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1780\u178a\u1790\u17b6\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17b8\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1786\u1794\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1793\u17c3\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b \u17ac\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bc\u179b\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u17af\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1784\u178f\u17c6\u178e\u1797\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784<\/h2>\n<p>\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1791\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1791\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1798\u17bc\u179b\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u17c7\u178a\u17b9\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780 VIOX\u17d6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/what-is-a-surge-protective-device-spd\/\">\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784 (SPD) \u1787\u17b6\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?<\/a> \u2014 \u1793\u17b7\u1799\u1798\u1793\u17d0\u1799\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u17b7\u178a\u17d2\u178b\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/spd-full-form-in-electrical\/\">SPD \u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u1796\u17c1\u1789\u179b\u17c1\u1789\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8<\/a> \u2014 \u179c\u17b6\u1780\u17d2\u1799\u179f\u17d0\u1796\u17d2\u1791 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u17af\u1780\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1784\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1793\u17d0\u1799<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/surge-protection-devices-pros-and-cons\/\">\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u178e\u179c\u17b7\u1794\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u17b7\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179a\u179b\u1780<\/a> \u2014 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1799\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17c3\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u178f\u17bb\u179b\u17d2\u1799\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1793\u17c3\u17a2\u178f\u17d2\u1790\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1799\u17c4\u1787\u1793\u17cd \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u179a\u1794\u179f\u17cb SPD<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/how-to-choose-the-right-surge-protective-device-for-solar-systems\/\">\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f SPD \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1796\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17ba\u1796\u17d2\u179a\u17c7\u17a2\u17b6\u1791\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u1799<\/a> \u2014 \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f SPD \u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb PV \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179c\u17b7\u1789<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u179f\u17c1\u1785\u1780\u17d2\u178f\u17b8\u179f\u1793\u17d2\u1793\u17b7<\/h2>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17c3 SPD<\/strong> \u2014 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u2014 \u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u1791\u17b8\u1780\u1793\u17d2\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u179a\u179b\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1796\u17bd\u1780\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u1785\u1793\u17b6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u178a\u17be\u1798\u17d2\u1794\u17b8\u1791\u1794\u17cb\u1791\u179b\u17cb\u17d4.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong> \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u1785\u17bc\u179b\u179f\u17c1\u179c\u17b6\u1780\u1798\u17d2\u1798 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c5\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1781\u17d2\u1796\u179f\u17cb\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 10\/350 \u00b5s \u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1787\u17b6 SPD \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 8\/20 \u00b5s \u17d4.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong> \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u179a\u1784\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u17c7\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1785\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 \u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1782\u17c0\u1794\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u17b7\u178f\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1793\u17cb\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1790\u17c2\u1798\u1791\u17c5\u179b\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1793\u17c5\u1795\u17d2\u1793\u17c2\u1780\u1781\u17b6\u1784\u179b\u17be\u17d4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u179c\u17b7\u1792\u17b8\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1787\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1782\u17ba\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793\u179f\u17bd\u179a\u1790\u17b6\u178f\u17be\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u178e\u17b6\u179b\u17d2\u17a2\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u17af\u1780\u17c4\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u1791\u17c1\u17d4 \u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17b9\u1798\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17ba\u17d6 <strong>\u178f\u17be\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17be\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1793\u17c5\u1791\u17b8\u178e\u17b6 \u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792 \u17a0\u17be\u1799\u178f\u17be\u1794\u179a\u17b7\u179f\u17d2\u1790\u17b6\u1793\u179a\u179b\u1780\u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1793\u17c5\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17bb\u1785\u1793\u17c4\u17c7\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17ac\u1791\u17c1?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1793\u17c5\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179b\u17be\u1799\u1796\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1793\u17b9\u1784\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17c2\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1793\u17c3\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u17c7 \u1799\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u179f\u17b6\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17d2\u178f SPD \u1796\u17a0\u17bb\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1795\u17d2\u178f\u179b\u17cb\u1793\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u17a2\u17b6\u1785\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1785\u17b7\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u1794\u17b6\u1793 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1785\u17c6\u178e\u17c1\u1789\u1785\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1793\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h2>\u179f\u17c6\u178e\u17bd\u179a\u1782\u17c1\u179f\u17bd\u179a\u1789\u17b9\u1780\u1789\u17b6\u1794\u17cb<\/h2>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be SPD \u1798\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u17b8\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1781\u17d2\u179b\u17c7?<\/h3>\n<p>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u17d7\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1794\u17b8\u1782\u17ba <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 SPD<\/strong>, <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong>, \u1793\u17b7\u1784 <strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 SPD<\/strong>, \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1790\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u178f\u17b6\u1798 IEC 61643-11 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 ANSI\/UL 1449 \u17d4 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1780\u17c6\u178e\u178f\u17cb\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u1791\u17b8\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u17b6\u1780\u179b\u17d2\u1794\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1786\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?<\/h3>\n<p>A Type 1 SPD is installed at the service entrance or origin of the installation to intercept high-energy external surge currents, particularly those associated with lightning. It is tested with the 10\/350 \u00b5s waveform.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a surge \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?<\/h3>\n<p>A Type 2 SPD is installed in main distribution boards or sub-panels to protect the internal electrical distribution system against transient overvoltages from both external residual surges and internal switching events. It is tested with the 8\/20 \u00b5s waveform.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 3 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8?<\/h3>\n<p>A Type 3 SPD is installed close to sensitive equipment as the final stage of coordinated surge protection. It reduces residual voltage to safe levels for electronics and must always be used in combination with upstream Type 2 protection.<\/p>\n<h3>Which SPD type is most common in electrical panels?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 SPD<\/strong> \u1782\u17ba\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 SPD \u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17c5\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1787\u17b6\u1780\u17cb\u1799\u17c9\u17b6\u1784\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17c6\u1791\u17bc\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u1794\u17c6\u1795\u17bb\u178f\u1793\u17c5\u1780\u17d2\u1793\u17bb\u1784\u1794\u1793\u17d2\u1791\u17c7\u1785\u17c2\u1780\u1785\u17b6\u1799\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u1791\u17bc\u1791\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b7\u1797\u1796\u179b\u17c4\u1780\u17d4 \u179c\u17b6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1782\u17c1\u1785\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u1791\u17bb\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1796\u17d0\u1793\u17d2\u1792\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1796\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u17c6\u1781\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1794\u17cb\u179a\u17b6\u179b\u17cb\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u178a\u17c6\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u17a2\u1782\u17d2\u1782\u17b7\u179f\u1793\u17b8\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u1791\u17b6\u1794\u17d4.<\/p>\n<h3>Can Type 3 SPD be used without Type 1 or Type 2?<\/h3>\n<p>No. Type 3 SPD has a low discharge capacity and is designed to function only as a supplement to upstream protection. Using it as the sole SPD in a system risks device failure and inadequate protection for connected equipment.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17bb\u17c6\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1780\u17b6\u179a SPD \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 1 \u1793\u17b7\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791 2 \u1787\u17b6\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179a\u17ac\u1791\u17c1?<\/h3>\n<p>This depends on the surge environment and system architecture. In installations with overhead supply lines, lightning protection systems, or high external surge exposure, both Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are recommended as part of a coordinated cascade. In buildings with underground supply and lower lightning risk, a Type 2 SPD alone may be sufficient at the panel level.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u17a2\u17d2\u179c\u17b8\u1787\u17b6\u1797\u17b6\u1796\u1781\u17bb\u179f\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1791\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1784\u17cb\u179a\u179b\u1780 10\/350 \u00b5s \u1793\u17b7\u1784 8\/20 \u00b5s?<\/h3>\n<p>The 10\/350 \u00b5s waveform simulates a lightning impulse with a slower rise time and longer duration, delivering approximately 20 times more energy than an 8\/20 \u00b5s waveform at the same peak current. Type 1 SPDs are tested at 10\/350 \u00b5s; Type 2 SPDs are tested at 8\/20 \u00b5s. This energy difference is why the two types are not interchangeable.<\/p>\n<h3>\u178f\u17be\u1781\u17d2\u1789\u17bb\u17c6\u1792\u17b6\u1793\u17b6\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u178a\u17c4\u1799\u179a\u1794\u17c0\u1794\u178e\u17b6\u17a2\u17c6\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b SPD \u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1797\u17c1\u1791\u1795\u17d2\u179f\u17c1\u1784\u17d7\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6?<\/h3>\n<p>\u1780\u17b6\u179a\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u178f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u17b1\u17d2\u1799 SPD \u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u1785\u17bb\u17c7\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1798\u1793\u17b8\u1798\u17bd\u1799\u17d7\u1798\u17b7\u1793\u178a\u17c6\u178e\u17be\u179a\u1780\u17b6\u179a \u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1796\u17c1\u179b\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u1785\u179a\u1793\u17d2\u178f\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u179b\u17be\u179f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u1794\u1799\u1780\u1790\u17b6\u1798\u1796\u179b\u1780\u17be\u1793\u17a1\u17be\u1784\u1794\u178b\u1798\u17d4 \u1793\u17c1\u17c7\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17c1\u1785\u178f\u17b6\u1798\u179a\u1799\u17c8 impedance \u1781\u17d2\u179f\u17c2\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u1793\u17cb\u179a\u179c\u17b6\u1784\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd (\u1785\u1798\u17d2\u1784\u17b6\u1799\u17a2\u1794\u17d2\u1794\u1794\u179a\u1798\u17b6) \u1780\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17b7\u178f\u179c\u17c9\u17bb\u179b\u17a2\u1793\u17bb\u1789\u17d2\u1789\u17b6\u178f\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u1793\u17b7\u1784 - \u178f\u17b6\u1798\u17a7\u178f\u17d2\u178a\u1798\u1782\u178f\u17b7 - \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17be\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u17b6\u179f\u17cb\u1782\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u1795\u179b SPD \u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u1794\u179f\u1798\u17d2\u179a\u17bd\u179b\u1796\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17bb\u1798\u17a0\u17ca\u17bb\u1793\u1795\u179b\u17b7\u178f\u178a\u17bc\u1785\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6 \u17ac\u17a7\u1794\u1780\u179a\u178e\u17cd\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u178f\u17d2\u179a\u17bc\u179c\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17b6\u178a\u17c2\u179b\u1794\u17b6\u1793\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17c0\u1784\u1795\u17d2\u1791\u17b6\u178f\u17cb\u17d4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 264px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 264px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The three main types of SPD are Type 1 SPD, Type 2 SPD, and Type 3 SPD. The difference between them is not simply a matter of rating or cost \u2014 it is defined by where each SPD is installed in the electrical system and what kind of surge energy it is designed to handle. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14108"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22864,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108\/revisions\/22864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/km\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}