{"id":21248,"date":"2026-01-07T00:36:17","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T16:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=21248"},"modified":"2026-01-07T00:36:20","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T16:36:20","slug":"switchgear-current-ratings-ina-inc-rdf-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/switchgear-current-ratings-ina-inc-rdf-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce proudov\u00fdmi hodnotami rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f: Dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed InA, Inc a RDF (IEC 61439)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<h2>Pro\u010d va\u0161e rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de 400A vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159i 350A: Skryt\u00e1 pravda o jmenovit\u00fdch proudech<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si: Specifikovali jste rozvodnou desku s hlavn\u00edm jisti\u010dem 400A pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u00fdpo\u010dty zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed odb\u011br 340A \u2013 s velkou rezervou. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce po uveden\u00ed do provozu syst\u00e9m opakovan\u011b vyp\u00edn\u00e1 p\u0159i trval\u00e9m provozu pouh\u00fdch 350A. Klient je rozzu\u0159en\u00fd, v\u00fdroba zastavena a vy se sna\u017e\u00edte zjistit, co se pokazilo.<\/p>\n<p>Vin\u00edkem je? Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nepochopen\u00ed toho, jak norma IEC 61439 definuje jmenovit\u00e9 proudy. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o \u201cjmenovit\u00e9m proudu jisti\u010de\u201d \u2013 kde jisti\u010d 400A se rovn\u00e1 kapacit\u011b 400A \u2013 modern\u00ed norma pova\u017euje rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de za integrovan\u00fd <strong>tepeln\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong>. T\u0159i kritick\u00e9 parametry \u0159\u00edd\u00ed skute\u010dnou kapacitu: <strong>InA<\/strong> (jmenovit\u00fd proud sestavy), <strong>Inc<\/strong> (jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu) a <strong>RDF<\/strong> (jmenovit\u00fd sou\u010dinitel r\u016fznorodosti).<\/p>\n<p>Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka dek\u00f3duje tato propojen\u00e1 jmenovit\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m ve specifikac\u00edch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee norma IEC 61439 nahradila normu IEC 60439 v roce 2009 (s p\u0159echodn\u00fdmi obdob\u00edmi kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edmi do roku 2014), staly se tyto parametry povinn\u00fdmi pro rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010dov\u00e9 sestavy vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed norm\u00e1m. P\u0159esto p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 zmatek, zejm\u00e9na kolem RDF \u2013 faktoru tepeln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n s elektrickou r\u016fznorodost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e jste v\u00fdrobce rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f, konzulta\u010dn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr nebo distributor, pochopen\u00ed InA, Inc a RDF ji\u017e nen\u00ed voliteln\u00e9. Je to rozd\u00edl mezi syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd funguje spolehliv\u011b, a syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd sel\u017ee v ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-Low-Voltage-Switchgear-InA-400A-in-RAL-7035-Gray.webp\" alt=\"Photorealistic industrial switchgear installation InA 400A\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\"><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #555; margin-top: 5px;\">Obr\u00e1zek 1: Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 kovov\u00e1 rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010dov\u00e1 sestava s jmenovit\u00fdmi hodnotami InA 400A.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr>\n<h2>Pochopen\u00ed filozofie jmenovit\u00fdch proud\u016f podle IEC 61439<\/h2>\n<h3>Zm\u011bna paradigmatu: Od komponent\u016f k syst\u00e9m\u016fm<\/h3>\n<p>IEC 61439 z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnila zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm hodnot\u00edme kapacitu rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed norma, IEC 60439, se zam\u011b\u0159ovala na jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty jednotliv\u00fdch komponent \u2013 pokud byl v\u00e1\u0161 hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d dimenzov\u00e1n na 400A a va\u0161e p\u0159\u00edpojnice na 630A, sestava byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed. Nov\u00e1 norma si uv\u011bdomuje krutou realitu: <strong>tepeln\u00e9 interakce mezi komponentami sni\u017euj\u00ed skute\u010dnou kapacitu pod hodnoty na typov\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tento posun odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed desetilet\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed v ter\u00e9nu, kdy se \u201cspr\u00e1vn\u011b dimenzovan\u00e9\u201d rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edvaly p\u0159i trval\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m? Teplo generovan\u00e9 jedn\u00edm jisti\u010dem ovliv\u0148uje sousedn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Hust\u011b osazen\u00fd panel s deseti 63A MCB pracuj\u00edc\u00edmi sou\u010dasn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se drasticky li\u0161\u00ed od jednoho jisti\u010de v izolaci.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edstup \u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky: \u010cty\u0159i kritick\u00e1 rozhran\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>IEC 61439-1:2020 pova\u017euje rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de za \u201c\u010dernou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku\u201d se \u010dty\u0159mi rozhran\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u011b definov\u00e1na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rozhran\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch obvod\u016f<\/strong>: Charakteristiky vstupn\u00edho nap\u00e1jen\u00ed (nap\u011bt\u00ed, frekvence, \u00farovn\u011b poruch) a po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdstupn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozhran\u00ed instala\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/strong>: Teplota okol\u00ed, nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka, stupe\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vlhkost, v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozhran\u00ed provozu a \u00fadr\u017eby<\/strong>: Kdo obsluhuje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (kvalifikovan\u00e9 osoby vs. b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 osoby), po\u017eadavky na p\u0159\u00edstupnost<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozhran\u00ed charakteristik sestavy<\/strong>: Fyzick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, konfigurace p\u0159\u00edpojnic, metody zakon\u010den\u00ed kabel\u016f \u2013<strong>zde se ur\u010duj\u00ed InA, Inc a RDF<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00fdrobce mus\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159it, zda kompletn\u00ed sestava spl\u0148uje limity n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty (IEC 61439-1, \u010dl\u00e1nek 10.10) ve sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 konfiguraci. Toto ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nelze extrapolovat z datov\u00fdch list\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch komponent.<\/p>\n<h3>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00e9ho a nov\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Aspekt<\/th>\n<th>IEC 60439 (star\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup)<\/th>\n<th>IEC 61439 (sou\u010dasn\u00e1 norma)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty jednotliv\u00fdch komponent (jisti\u010d, p\u0159\u00edpojnice, svorky)<\/td>\n<td>Tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdkon kompletn\u00ed sestavy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Metoda ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Typov\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka sestavy (TTA) nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b typov\u011b zkou\u0161en\u00e1 sestava (PTTA)<\/td>\n<td>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu zkou\u0161kou, v\u00fdpo\u010dtem nebo ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>P\u0159edpoklad trval\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Komponenty mohou n\u00e9st jmenovitou hodnotu<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u017eaduje RDF pro zohledn\u011bn\u00ed tepeln\u00fdch interakc\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Jmenovit\u00fd proud p\u0159\u00edpojnic<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u016f\u0159ezu vodi\u010de<\/td>\n<td>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b fyzick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, mont\u00e1\u017ee a sousedn\u00edch zdroj\u016f tepla v dan\u00e9m specifick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Symbol jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>In (jmenovit\u00fd proud)<\/td>\n<td>InA (sestava), Inc (obvod), s modifik\u00e1torem RDF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Odpov\u011bdnost<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Rozmazan\u00e1 mezi OEM a v\u00fdrobcem rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f<\/td>\n<td>Jasn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed: p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdrobce ov\u011b\u0159uje n\u00e1vrh, mont\u00e9r se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed zdokumentovan\u00fdmi postupy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Pro\u010d na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle star\u00e9 normy mohl v\u00fdrobce rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f sestavit za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z katalogov\u00fdch komponent a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat shodu. IEC 61439 vy\u017eaduje <strong>zdokumentovan\u00fd d\u016fkaz<\/strong> , \u017ee specifick\u00e1 konfigurace sestavy byla ov\u011b\u0159ena z hlediska tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. To nen\u00ed akademick\u00e9 \u2013 je to rozd\u00edl mezi syst\u00e9mem dimenzovan\u00fdm pro trval\u00fd provoz a syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd se p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>InA \u2013 Jmenovit\u00fd proud sestavy: P\u00e1te\u0159 distribu\u010dn\u00ed kapacity<\/h2>\n<h3>Definice a stanoven\u00ed (IEC 61439-1:2020, \u010dl\u00e1nek 5.3.1)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>InA je celkov\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnice distribuovat v dan\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sestavy<\/strong>, ani\u017e by byly p\u0159ekro\u010deny limity n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty specifikovan\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 9.2. Kriticky je InA definov\u00e1n jako <strong>men\u0161\u00ed ze dvou hodnot<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Sou\u010det jmenovit\u00fdch proud\u016f v\u0161ech vstupn\u00edch obvod\u016f provozovan\u00fdch paraleln\u011b<\/strong>, nebo<br \/>\n    <strong>(b) Proudov\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017eitelnost hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnice v dan\u00e9m specifick\u00e9m fyzick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edstup s dvoj\u00edm limitem zachycuje b\u011b\u017enou chybu: p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee pokud va\u0161e vstupn\u00ed jisti\u010de celkem \u010din\u00ed 800A (nap\u0159. dva vstupy 400A), va\u0161e InA je automaticky 800A. Nen\u00ed pravda \u2013 pokud uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic dok\u00e1\u017ee distribuovat pouze 650A p\u0159ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty 70 \u00b0C na svork\u00e1ch, <strong>InA = 650A<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d fyzick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010duje InA<\/h3>\n<p>Proudov\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017eitelnost p\u0159\u00edpojnic nen\u00ed jen o pr\u016f\u0159ezu m\u011bdi. IEC 61439-1 ov\u011b\u0159uje n\u00e1r\u016fst teploty v <strong>nejteplej\u0161\u00edm bod\u011b sestavy<\/strong>\u2014typicky tam, kde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edpojnice d\u011blaj\u00ed 90\u00b0 ohyby (vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lokalizovan\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159iv\u00e9 proudy)<\/li>\n<li>Vstupn\u00ed kabely jsou zakon\u010deny (odpor na kabelov\u00fdch oky)<\/li>\n<li>Odchoz\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou t\u011bsn\u011b seskupena (kumulativn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Ventilace je omezena (vnit\u0159n\u00ed cirkulace vzduchu)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpojnice 100\u00d710mm m\u00e1 teoretickou kapacitu ~850A ve voln\u00e9m vzduchu. Stejn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpojnice v rozvad\u011b\u010di s kryt\u00edm IP54 s kabelov\u00fdmi v\u00fdvodkami, obklopen\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi jisti\u010di, namontovan\u00e1 vertik\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159i okoln\u00ed teplot\u011b 45\u00b0C, m\u016f\u017ee distribuovat pouze 500A bez p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed teplotn\u00edch limit\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kritick\u00fd myln\u00fd n\u00e1zor<\/strong>: InA \u2260 Jmenovit\u00fd proud hlavn\u00edho jisti\u010de. Hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d 630A nezaru\u010duje InA = 630A. Pokud uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic omezuje distribuci na 500A, pak InA = 500A a sestava mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017eena.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdpo\u010dtu InA: Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 s du\u00e1ln\u00edm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p>Uva\u017eujme typick\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd rozvad\u011b\u010d se dv\u011bma vstupn\u00edmi nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi zdroji pro redundanci nap\u00e1jen\u00ed:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Parametr<\/th>\n<th>Vstup 1<\/th>\n<th>Vstup 2<\/th>\n<th>Kapacita p\u0159\u00edpojnic<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Jmenovit\u00fd proud jisti\u010de (In)<\/td>\n<td>630A<\/td>\n<td>630A<\/td>\n<td>Jmenovit\u00fd vodi\u010d 1 000A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inc (Jmenovit\u00fd proud vstupn\u00edho obvodu)<\/td>\n<td>600A<\/td>\n<td>600A<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sou\u010det Inc (Paraleln\u00ed provoz)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>1 200 A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Distribu\u010dn\u00ed kapacita p\u0159\u00edpojnic<\/strong> (ov\u011b\u0159eno testem n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty v tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm krytu\/uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td><strong>800A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>InA (Jmenovit\u00fd proud sestavy)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td><strong>800A<\/strong> \u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>V\u00fdsledek<\/strong>: Navzdory dv\u011bma 600A vstupn\u00edm obvod\u016fm (sou\u010det = 1 200A) m\u016f\u017ee fyzick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic v t\u00e9to sestav\u011b distribuovat pouze 800A. Proto, <strong>InA = 800A<\/strong>. Typov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek sestavy mus\u00ed toto omezen\u00ed deklarovat.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-Switchgear-Internal-Busbar-Layout-and-Thermal-Analysis-Diagram.webp\" alt=\"Technical diagram cutaway view of switchgear showing thermal hotspots\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\"><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #555; margin-top: 5px;\">Obr\u00e1zek 2: Technick\u00fd \u0159ez zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic s p\u0159ekryt\u00edm term\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy, zv\u00fdraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed hork\u00e1 m\u00edsta v ohybech a koncov\u00fdch bodech.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Po\u017eadavky na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty<\/h3>\n<p>IEC 61439-1, Tabulka 8 specifikuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed limity n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty (nad okoln\u00ed teplotu) pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 komponenty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hol\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpojnice (m\u011b\u010f)<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 70K (70\u00b0C nad okoln\u00ed teplotu)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160roubov\u00e9 spoje p\u0159\u00edpojnic<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 65K<\/li>\n<li><strong>Svorky MCB\/MCCB<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 70K<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kabelov\u00e9 koncovky<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 70K<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrchy (kov)<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 30K<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rukojeti\/\u00fachyty<\/strong>: N\u00e1r\u016fst o 15K<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tyto limity p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed okoln\u00ed teplotu 35\u00b0C. P\u0159i okoln\u00ed teplot\u011b 45\u00b0C je p\u0159\u00edpojnice dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed 115\u00b0C (n\u00e1r\u016fst o 70K) na absolutn\u00ed hranici. Jak\u00e9koli dal\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo naru\u0161en\u00e1 ventilace zp\u016fsob\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy se InA st\u00e1v\u00e1 kritick\u00fdm<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed FV mikrogenerace<\/strong>: Kdy\u017e st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely nap\u00e1jej\u00ed zp\u011bt do rozvodn\u00e9 desky, p\u0159edpis 551.7.2 (BS 7671) vy\u017eaduje: <strong>InA \u2265 In + Ig(s)<\/strong> kde In = jmenovit\u00fd proud pojistky nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, Ig(s) = jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud gener\u00e1toru. Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed 100A se sol\u00e1rn\u00edm v\u00fdstupem 16A vy\u017eaduje minim\u00e1ln\u011b InA \u2265 116A.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Instalace nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV<\/strong>: V\u00edce <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/ev-charger-circuit-breaker-sizing-guide-7kw-22kw\/\">Nab\u00edje\u010dky EV 7kW-22kW<\/a> vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed typick\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady diverzity, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje ov\u011b\u0159enou kapacitu InA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Datov\u00e1 centra<\/strong>: Serverov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na 90-95% kapacity 24\/7, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje rozvad\u011b\u010de s InA = skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kredit za diverzitu).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Pozn\u00e1mka k n\u00e1vrhu VIOX<\/strong>: V\u017edy ov\u011b\u0159te, zda InA odpov\u00edd\u00e1 va\u0161emu profilu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si zpr\u00e1vu v\u00fdrobce o testu n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty, kter\u00e1 ukazuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed testovanou konfiguraci sestavy \u2013 nikoli obecn\u00e9 tabulky p\u0159\u00edpojnic.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Inc \u2013 Jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu: Nad r\u00e1mec typov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtk\u016f jisti\u010d\u016f<\/h2>\n<h3>Definice a aplikace (IEC 61439-1:2020, \u010dl\u00e1nek 5.3.2)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Inc je jmenovit\u00fd proud konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obvodu v sestav\u011b<\/strong>, s ohledem na tepeln\u00e9 interakce se sousedn\u00edmi obvody a fyzick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sestavy. To se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (In).<\/p>\n<p>MCB m\u00e1 typov\u00fd \u0161t\u00edtek (In) \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad 63A. Tento jmenovit\u00fd proud je stanoven testov\u00e1n\u00edm jisti\u010de izolovan\u011b za standardn\u00edch podm\u00ednek (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/mcb-full-form-in-electrical\/\">specifikace IEC 60898-1<\/a>). Ale kdy\u017e je ten sam\u00fd 63A MCB namontov\u00e1n v hust\u011b osazen\u00e9m rozvad\u011b\u010di, obklopen\u00e9m jin\u00fdmi zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, <strong>jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu Inc m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>\u2014mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze 50A trvale.<\/p>\n<h3>Jmenovit\u00fd proud za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (In) vs. Jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu (Inc)<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Stav<\/th>\n<th>Jmenovit\u00fd proud p\u0159\u00edstroje (In)<\/th>\n<th>Jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu (Inc)<\/th>\n<th>Derating faktor<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Jeden jisti\u010d MCB na voln\u00e9m vzduchu, okoln\u00ed teplota 30 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>63A<\/td>\n<td>63A<\/td>\n<td>1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stejn\u00fd jisti\u010d MCB v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m panelu, 35 \u00b0C, se 3 sousedn\u00edmi zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi jisti\u010di MCB<\/td>\n<td>63A<\/td>\n<td>~55A<\/td>\n<td>0.87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stejn\u00fd jisti\u010d MCB v t\u011bsn\u011b zabalen\u00e9m krytu IP54, 40 \u00b0C, 8 sousedn\u00edch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch jisti\u010d\u016f MCB<\/td>\n<td>63A<\/td>\n<td>~47A<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stejn\u00fd jisti\u010d MCB s kabelovou koncovkou p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu 5 W, \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>63A<\/td>\n<td>~44A<\/td>\n<td>0.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd poznatek<\/strong>: Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se nem\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 63A jisti\u010d MCB m\u00e1 st\u00e1le jmenovit\u00fd proud 63A s\u00e1m o sob\u011b. Ale <strong>schopnost obvodu odv\u00e1d\u011bt teplo v dan\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed instalaci<\/strong> ur\u010duje Inc. To je to, co ov\u011b\u0159uje norma IEC 61439.<\/p>\n<h3>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed Inc<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hustota mont\u00e1\u017ee<\/strong>: Jisti\u010de MCB namontovan\u00e9 vedle sebe bez mezer vedou teplo mezi sousedn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. V\u00fdrobci testuj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 konfigurace \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201c10 jisti\u010d\u016f MCB v \u0159ad\u011b, st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9\/nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9\u201d pro ur\u010den\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu Inc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ztr\u00e1ty na kabelov\u00fdch koncovk\u00e1ch<\/strong>: Ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161roubov\u00e9 nebo svorkov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 odpor. \u0160patn\u011b uta\u017een\u00e9 oko p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 2-3 W tepla na p\u00f3l p\u0159i 50 A. Vyn\u00e1sobte to 20 odchoz\u00edmi obvody a p\u0159idali jste tepelnou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e 100 W+, kter\u00e1 ovliv\u0148uje Inc pro v\u0161echny obvody.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed krytu<\/strong>: Kryty IP21 s otev\u0159en\u00fdm dnem p\u0159irozen\u011b odv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed teplo. Kryty IP54 s t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edm zachycuj\u00ed teplo. Polykarbon\u00e1tov\u00e9 boxy IP65 na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m slunci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed teploty. Inc s t\u00edm mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bl\u00edzkost p\u0159\u00edpojnic<\/strong>: Obvody namontovan\u00e9 bl\u00edzko p\u0159\u00edpojnic s vysok\u00fdm proudem (nap\u00e1jec\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvody) jsou vystaveny s\u00e1lav\u00e9mu teplu ze samotn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpojnic, co\u017e sni\u017euje jejich Inc pod hodnotu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed namontovan\u00fdch vzd\u00e1len\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka a okoln\u00ed podm\u00ednky<\/strong>: Viz n\u00e1\u0161 pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/electrical-derating-temperature-altitude-grouping-factors\/\">elektrick\u00e9m sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pro teplotu, nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku a faktory seskupov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> pro podrobn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklad z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta: 63A jisti\u010d MCB v zapln\u011bn\u00e9m panelu<\/h3>\n<p>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel obsahuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>12\u00d7 63A jisti\u010d\u016f MCB pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed motor\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Namontov\u00e1no v jedn\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b na DIN li\u0161tu<\/li>\n<li>Kryt\u00ed IP54 v okoln\u00ed teplot\u011b 40 \u00b0C (strojovna)<\/li>\n<li>\u0160patn\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ventil\u00e1tory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdrobcem<\/strong>: Testov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u0161ech 12 obvod\u016f na 63 A p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed teploty na svork\u00e1ch 110 \u00b0C (okoln\u00ed teplota 40 \u00b0C + limit n\u00e1r\u016fstu 70 K). Pro spln\u011bn\u00ed normy IEC 61439-1 v\u00fdrobce prohla\u0161uje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jmenovit\u00fd proud p\u0159\u00edstroje (In): 63A na jisti\u010d MCB<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jmenovit\u00fd proud obvodu (Inc): 47A<\/strong> na obvod v t\u00e9to konfiguraci<\/li>\n<li>Po\u017eadovan\u00fd RDF: 0,75 (vysv\u011btleno v dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Praktick\u00fd dopad<\/strong>: Ka\u017ed\u00fd motorov\u00fd obvod mus\u00ed b\u00fdt omezen na trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 47 A, nebo mus\u00ed b\u00fdt panel rekonfigurov\u00e1n s mezerami\/v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00edm pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hodnot Inc.<\/p>\n<p>Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se star\u0161\u00edmi normami viz n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/iec-60947-3-utilization-categories-guide\/\">kategori\u00edch vyu\u017eit\u00ed IEC 60947-3<\/a> kter\u00e1 upravuje samotn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nikoli sestavu.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>RDF \u2013 Jmenovit\u00fd koeficient r\u016fznorodosti: Kritick\u00fd tepeln\u00fd multiplik\u00e1tor<\/h2>\n<h3>Definice a \u00fa\u010del (IEC 61439-1:2020, \u010dl\u00e1nek 5.3.3)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>RDF (Jmenovit\u00fd koeficient r\u016fznorodosti) je jednotkov\u00e1 hodnota Inc, na kterou mohou b\u00fdt v\u0161echny odchoz\u00ed obvody (nebo skupina obvod\u016f) trvale a sou\u010dasn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eeny<\/strong>, s ohledem na vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vlivy. Je p\u0159i\u0159azen v\u00fdrobcem sestavy na z\u00e1klad\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl<\/strong>: RDF NEN\u00cd koeficient elektrick\u00e9 r\u016fznorodosti (jako v BS 7671 nebo NEC \u010dl\u00e1nek 220). Tyto normy odhaduj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 vzorce vyu\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee (\u201cne v\u0161echny z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b\u201d). RDF je <strong>faktor tepeln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu<\/strong> kter\u00fd omezuje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obvodu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed <strong>kdy\u017e v\u0161echny obvody b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Hodnoty RDF a jejich v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Hodnota RDF<\/th>\n<th>Interpretace<\/th>\n<th>Typick\u00e9 aplikace<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>V\u0161echny obvody mohou trvale p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et pln\u00e9 Inc sou\u010dasn\u011b<\/td>\n<td>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed FV syst\u00e9my, datov\u00e1 centra, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky s nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm provozem, kritick\u00e1 infrastruktura<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>0.8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod omezen na 80 % Inc pro trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Komer\u010dn\u00ed budovy se sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, dob\u0159e v\u011btran\u00e9 panely, m\u00edrn\u00e1 hustota zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>0.68<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod omezen na 68 % Inc pro trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Domovn\u00ed rozvad\u011b\u010de, t\u011bsn\u011b zabalen\u00e9 kryty, vysok\u00e9 okoln\u00ed teploty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>0.6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod omezen na 60 % Inc pro trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Extr\u00e9mn\u011b hust\u00e9 panely, \u0161patn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 okoln\u00ed podm\u00ednky, sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e dodate\u010dn\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/strong>: Rozvad\u011b\u010d m\u00e1 odchoz\u00ed obvod s Inc = 50 A a RDF = 0,68. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povolen\u00e9 pro tento obvod je:<\/p>\n<p><strong>IB (provozn\u00ed proud) = Inc \u00d7 RDF = 50 A \u00d7 0,68 = 34 A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pokud pot\u0159ebujete trvale zat\u00ed\u017eit dan\u00fd obvod proudem 45 A, m\u00e1te dv\u011b mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Specifikujte rozvad\u011b\u010d s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm RDF (nap\u0159. 0,9 \u2192 50 A \u00d7 0,9 = 45 A \u2713)<\/li>\n<li>Po\u017e\u00e1dejte o konfiguraci, kde m\u00e1 dan\u00fd obvod vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jmenovit\u00fd proud Inc (nap\u0159. Inc = 63 A \u2192 63 A \u00d7 0,68 = 43 A, st\u00e1le nedostate\u010dn\u00e9; je pot\u0159eba Inc = 67 A nebo RDF = 0,9)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Jak v\u00fdrobci ur\u010duj\u00ed RDF pomoc\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>IEC 61439-1 \u010cl\u00e1nek 10.10 vy\u017eaduje ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed oteplen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Metoda 1 \u2013 Pln\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Zat\u011b\u017ete sestavu jmenovit\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami (InA na p\u0159\u00edvodech, odchoz\u00ed obvody na Inc \u00d7 RDF) po dostate\u010dnou dobu, aby se dos\u00e1hlo tepeln\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy. Zm\u011b\u0159te teploty v kritick\u00fdch bodech. Pokud v\u0161echny z\u016fstanou pod limity (Tabulka 8), je RDF ov\u011b\u0159eno.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Metoda 2 \u2013 V\u00fdpo\u010det<\/strong> (povoleno do InA \u2264 1 600 A): Pou\u017eijte tepeln\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed podle IEC 61439-1 P\u0159\u00edloha D, s ohledem na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ztr\u00e1tov\u00fd v\u00fdkon ka\u017ed\u00e9 komponenty (z \u00fadaj\u016f v\u00fdrobce)<\/li>\n<li>Koeficienty p\u0159estupu tepla (konvekce, radiace, veden\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b (materi\u00e1l, povrch, ventila\u010dn\u00ed otvory)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Metoda 3 \u2013 Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 konstrukce<\/strong>: Proka\u017ete, \u017ee sestava je odvozena z d\u0159\u00edve testovan\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 konstrukce s dokumentovan\u00fdmi \u00fapravami, kter\u00e9 nezhor\u0161uj\u00ed tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdrobc\u016f pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Metodu 1 pro vlajkov\u00e9 produktov\u00e9 \u0159ady a pot\u00e9 odvozuje varianty pomoc\u00ed Metody 3. Z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 rozvad\u011b\u010de \u010dasto vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty Metodou 2.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklad aplikace RDF: Rozvodnice s 8 obvody<\/h3>\n<p>Rozvodnice v komer\u010dn\u00ed budov\u011b obsahuje:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Obvod<\/th>\n<th>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (In)<\/th>\n<th>Jmenovit\u00fd proud Inc<\/th>\n<th>RDF<\/th>\n<th>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (IB)<\/th>\n<th>Skute\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edvod<\/td>\n<td>100A MCCB<\/td>\n<td>100A<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>Sou\u010det odchoz\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 1<\/td>\n<td>32A MCB<\/td>\n<td>32A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>22,4A<\/td>\n<td>20A (Osv\u011btlen\u00ed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 2<\/td>\n<td>32A MCB<\/td>\n<td>32A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>22,4A<\/td>\n<td>18A (Osv\u011btlen\u00ed)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 3<\/td>\n<td>40A RCBO<\/td>\n<td>40A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>28A<\/td>\n<td>25A (VZT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 4<\/td>\n<td>40A RCBO<\/td>\n<td>40A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>28A<\/td>\n<td>27A (VZT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 5<\/td>\n<td>20A MCB<\/td>\n<td>20A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>14 A<\/td>\n<td>12A (Z\u00e1suvky)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 6<\/td>\n<td>20A MCB<\/td>\n<td>20A<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>14 A<\/td>\n<td>11A (Z\u00e1suvky)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 7<\/td>\n<td>63A MCB<\/td>\n<td>50A*<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>35A<\/td>\n<td>32A (Kuchyn\u011b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvod 8<\/td>\n<td>63A MCB<\/td>\n<td>50A*<\/td>\n<td>0.7<\/td>\n<td>35A<\/td>\n<td>30A (Kuchyn\u011b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size: 0.9em; color: #555;\">*Obvody 7 a 8 maj\u00ed Inc &lt; In kv\u016fli mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed poloze v bl\u00edzkosti zdroje tepla<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Celkov\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed = 175 A. S RDF = 0,7 zvl\u00e1dne rozvad\u011b\u010d sou\u010det (Inc \u00d7 RDF) = maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 199,2 A. Rozvad\u011b\u010d je dostate\u010dn\u011b dimenzov\u00e1n, ale pokud by obvod 7 nebo 8 musel b\u011b\u017eet na pln\u00fdch 63 A, p\u0159ekro\u010dili byste tepeln\u00e9 limity (63 A &gt; 35 A povoleno).<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-Thermal-Derating-Graph-showing-IEC-61439-1-compliance-and-RDF-limits.webp\" alt=\"Technical diagram thermal derating graph showing RDF curves\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\"><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #555; margin-top: 5px;\">Obr\u00e1zek 3: K\u0159ivky tepeln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed povolen\u00fd trval\u00fd proud vs. po\u010det sousedn\u00edch zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch obvod\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty RDF.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Kritick\u00e9 aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed RDF = 1,0<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed slu\u010dovac\u00ed boxy pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/strong>: FV pole produkuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon po dobu 4-6 hodin denn\u011b b\u011bhem slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu. Proudy v \u0159et\u011bzc\u00edch te\u010dou sou\u010dasn\u011b na jmenovit\u00e9m v\u00fdkonu. Jak\u00e9koli RDF &lt; 1,0 zp\u016fsobuje obt\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed nadproudem nebo dlouhodobou degradaci p\u0159\u00edpojnic. Viz n\u00e1\u0161 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/solar-combiner-box-sizing-guide-expansion\/\">pr\u016fvodce n\u00e1vrhem sol\u00e1rn\u00edch slu\u010dovac\u00edch box\u016f<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Datov\u00e1 centra a serverovny<\/strong>: IT z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee pracuj\u00ed 24\/7 na 90-95 % jmenovit\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. I kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy riskuj\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. RDF se mus\u00ed rovnat 1,0 a tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty by m\u011bly zahrnovat sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e nejhor\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy<\/strong>: Chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, \u00fapravny vody, nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 v\u00fdroba \u2013 jak\u00fdkoli proces, kde zastaven\u00ed = drah\u00e9 prostoje, vy\u017eaduje sp\u00ednac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s RDF = 1,0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nab\u00edjec\u00ed stanice pro elektromobily<\/strong>: V\u00edce <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/commercial-vs-residential-ev-charging-protection-guide\/\">Nab\u00edje\u010dky \u00farovn\u011b 2<\/a> b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b po dobu hodin vy\u017eaduj\u00ed plnou tepelnou kapacitu. Typick\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 rozvad\u011b\u010de s RDF = 0,7 v t\u011bchto aplikac\u00edch rychle selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby, kter\u00fdch se in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed s RDF<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Chyba 1<\/strong>: Z\u00e1m\u011bna RDF s elektrickou diverzitou\/koeficienty soudobosti z NEC nebo BS 7671. Tyto <strong>nejsou stejn\u00e9.<\/strong>. Elektrick\u00e1 diverzita sni\u017euje celkov\u00fd p\u0159ipojen\u00fd v\u00fdkon na z\u00e1klad\u011b vzorc\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed (ne v\u0161echny z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b). RDF omezuje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch obvod\u016f <strong>i kdy\u017e v\u0161echny z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b<\/strong> kv\u016fli tepeln\u00fdm omezen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chyba 2<\/strong>: Aplikace RDF na kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. IEC 61439-1 definuje \u201ckontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201d jako z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee pracuj\u00edc\u00ed &gt;30 minut. Pro kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed cykly (nap\u0159. spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed motoru, n\u00e1b\u011bhov\u00e9 proudy) se RDF obvykle nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u2013 tepeln\u00e1 hmota zabra\u0148uje n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty p\u0159i kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch ud\u00e1lostech.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chyba 3<\/strong>: P\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee RDF plat\u00ed stejn\u011b pro v\u0161echny obvody. V\u00fdrobci mohou p\u0159i\u0159adit r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty RDF r\u016fzn\u00fdm sekc\u00edm nebo skupin\u00e1m v r\u00e1mci rozvad\u011b\u010de. V\u017edy zkontrolujte specifickou hodnotu RDF dan\u00e9ho obvodu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chyba 4<\/strong>: Ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed RDF b\u011bhem \u00faprav rozvad\u011b\u010de. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed obvod\u016f do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho rozvad\u011b\u010de m\u011bn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Pokud byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed RDF 0,8 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u201c5 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch obvod\u016f\u201d, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch 3 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch obvod\u016f m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit efektivn\u00ed RDF na 0,65, pokud se nezlep\u0161\u00ed ventilace.<\/p>\n<p>Pro souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u00favahy o dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch prvk\u016f si prostudujte na\u0161eho pr\u016fvodce o <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/circuit-breaker-ratings-icu-ics-icw-icm\/\">jmenovit\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch jisti\u010d\u016f: ICU, ICS, ICW, ICM<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd vztah: Jak InA, Inc a RDF spolupracuj\u00ed<\/h2>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rovnice ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Rozvad\u011b\u010d vyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed norm\u011b IEC 61439 mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a3 (Inc \u00d7 RDF) \u2264 InA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u03a3 (Inc \u00d7 RDF) = sou\u010det v\u0161ech zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edch obvod\u016f (upraven\u00fd pro sou\u010dasn\u00fd provoz)<\/li>\n<li>InA = jmenovit\u00fd proud rozvad\u011b\u010de (kapacita distribuce p\u0159\u00edpojnic)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato rovnice zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee celkov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rozvad\u011b\u010de, zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u00fd provoz v\u0161ech obvod\u016f p\u0159i jejich tepeln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 kapacit\u011b, nep\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed to, co m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpojnic distribuovat bez p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Sekvence ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ur\u010dete po\u017eadavky na zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>: Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte skute\u010dn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed proudy (IB) pro v\u0161echny obvody<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vyberte ochrann\u00e9 prvky obvodu<\/strong>: Zvolte MCB\/RCBO s In \u2265 IB (standardn\u00ed dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed nadproudov\u00e9 ochrany)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159te konfiguraci rozvad\u011b\u010de<\/strong>: V\u00fdrobce ur\u010d\u00ed Inc pro ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod na z\u00e1klad\u011b fyzick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aplikujte RDF<\/strong>: V\u00fdrobce p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00ed RDF na z\u00e1klad\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zkontrolujte shodu<\/strong>: Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod ov\u011b\u0159te IB \u2264 (Inc \u00d7 RDF)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159te kapacitu InA<\/strong>: Zajist\u011bte \u03a3(Inc \u00d7 RDF) \u2264 InA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Pokud krok 5 nebo 6 sel\u017ee<\/strong>, mo\u017enosti jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zv\u011bt\u0161ete velikost\/ventilaci rozvad\u011b\u010de pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed RDF<\/li>\n<li>Sni\u017ete zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obvodu (IB)<\/li>\n<li>Zm\u011b\u0148te konfiguraci uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed Inc<\/li>\n<li>Vylep\u0161ete p\u0159\u00edpojnice pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed InA<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie: Rozvodn\u00e1 deska za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159<\/strong>: Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s kancel\u00e1\u0159skou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed halou a st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaikou. Jedna hlavn\u00ed rozvodn\u00e1 deska.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Obvod<\/th>\n<th>Typ zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>IB (A)<\/th>\n<th>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed In (A)<\/th>\n<th>Inc (A)<\/th>\n<th>RDF<\/th>\n<th>Inc\u00d7RDF (A)<\/th>\n<th>Vyhovuje?<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edvod<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159\u00edvod z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>250A MCCB<\/td>\n<td>250A<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C1<\/td>\n<td>Kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 HVAC<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>40A MCB<\/td>\n<td>40A<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>32A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (32A \u2264 32A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C2<\/td>\n<td>Kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>25A MCB<\/td>\n<td>25A<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>20A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (18A \u2264 20A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C3<\/td>\n<td>Kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1suvky<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>32A MCB<\/td>\n<td>32A<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>25.6A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (22A \u2264 25.6A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C4<\/td>\n<td>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed linka 1<\/td>\n<td>48<\/td>\n<td>63A MCB<\/td>\n<td>55A*<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>44A<\/td>\n<td>\u274c (48A &gt; 44A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C5<\/td>\n<td>V\u00fdrobn\u00ed linka 2<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>63A MCB<\/td>\n<td>55A*<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>44A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (45A \u2264 44A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C6<\/td>\n<td>Sva\u0159ovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>50A MCB<\/td>\n<td>50A<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>40A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (38A \u2264 40A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C7<\/td>\n<td>Kompresor<\/td>\n<td>52<\/td>\n<td>63A MCB<\/td>\n<td>60A<\/td>\n<td>0.8<\/td>\n<td>48A<\/td>\n<td>\u274c (52A &gt; 48A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C8<\/td>\n<td><strong>Zp\u011btn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ze sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>25A MCB<\/td>\n<td>25A<\/td>\n<td><strong>1.0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>25A<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (20A \u2264 25A)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size: 0.9em; color: #555;\">*Inc sn\u00ed\u017eeno z d\u016fvodu mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed polohy v sekci s vysokou hustotou<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anal\u00fdza<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>InA deklarov\u00e1no<\/strong>: 250A (omezeno distribuc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic v t\u00e9to konfiguraci)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u03a3(Inc \u00d7 RDF)<\/strong>: 32 + 20 + 25.6 + 44 + 44 + 40 + 48 + 25 = 278.6A \u2192 <strong>P\u0159ekra\u010duje InA!<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Probl\u00e9my<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Obvod C4 p\u0159ekra\u010duje sv\u016fj tepeln\u00fd limit (zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 48A &gt; povolen\u00e9 44A)<\/li>\n<li>Obvod C7 p\u0159ekra\u010duje sv\u016fj tepeln\u00fd limit (zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 52A &gt; povolen\u00e9 48A)<\/li>\n<li>Celkov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (278.6A) p\u0159ekra\u010duje kapacitu sestavy (250A InA)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-Electric-MDB-400-Rating-Nameplate-InA-250A.webp\" alt=\"Photorealistic image of switchgear nameplate showing InA rating\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\"><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #555; margin-top: 5px;\">Obr\u00e1zek 4: Detail typov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00edtku rozvad\u011b\u010de vyhovuj\u00edc\u00edho VIOX, zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edho InA, referenci Inc a RDF 0.8.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Rekonfigurujte C4 &amp; C7<\/strong>: P\u0159esu\u0148te tyto obvody s vysok\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm do sekce s lep\u0161\u00edm v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se jejich Inc zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na 63A a 65A \u2192 Inc\u00d7RDF se stane 50.4A a 52A \u2713<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upgradujte InA<\/strong>: Nainstalujte v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnice nebo vylep\u0161ete chlazen\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed InA = 300A (vy\u017eaduje nov\u00fd tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed distribuce<\/strong>: Pou\u017eijte podru\u017en\u00fd rozvad\u011b\u010d pro v\u00fdrobn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hlavn\u00edho rozvad\u011b\u010de<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159te po\u017eadavek sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f<\/strong>: Pozn\u00e1mka C8 m\u00e1 RDF = 1.0 (nelze tepeln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit) proto\u017ee sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b b\u011bhem dne. Viz BS 7671 P\u0159edpis 551.7.2 a n\u00e1\u0161 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/how-does-the-installation-of-microgeneration-affect-the-rated-current-of-a-consumer-unit\/\">instala\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro mikrogeneraci<\/a> pro po\u017eadavky.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u00davahy o budouc\u00edm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Rozvad\u011b\u010d pracuj\u00edc\u00ed dnes na 90% InA nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou tepelnou rezervu pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i specifikaci nov\u00fdch instalac\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Specifikujte InA na 125-150% po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro 10letou mo\u017enost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si od v\u00fdrobce dokumentaci kapacity n\u00e1hradn\u00edch obvod\u016f (kolik dal\u0161\u00edch obvod\u016f, ne\u017e se RDF zhor\u0161\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Pro kritick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si zpr\u00e1vu o tepeln\u00e9m modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed teplotn\u00ed rezervy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd postup VIOX<\/strong>: Navrhujeme rozvad\u011b\u010de s InA dimenzovan\u00fdm pro skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plus 30% rezervy a ov\u011b\u0159ujeme RDF pro nejhor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. V\u0161echny tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty a zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly jsou poskytov\u00e1ny s dodac\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee instala\u010dn\u00ed technici maj\u00ed kompletn\u00ed informace pro budouc\u00ed \u00fapravy.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Praktick\u00e1 aplika\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro specifikaci rozvad\u011b\u010d\u016f IEC 61439<\/h2>\n<h3>Kontroln\u00ed seznam specifikac\u00ed krok za krokem<\/h3>\n<p><strong>F\u00e1ze 1: Anal\u00fdza zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte n\u00e1vrhov\u00fd proud (IB) pro ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod pomoc\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch dat o zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Identifikujte trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (provoz &gt;30 min) vs. kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Ur\u010dete okoln\u00ed teplotu v m\u00edst\u011b instalace (kritick\u00e9 pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu)<\/li>\n<li>Posu\u010fte podm\u00ednky v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159irozen\u00e9, nucen\u00e9, omezen\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Dokumentujte budouc\u00ed po\u017eadavky na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F\u00e1ze 2: Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vyberte nadproudov\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s In \u2265 IB<\/li>\n<li>Vyberte typ sestavy: PSC (IEC 61439-2) pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed nebo DBO (IEC 61439-3) pro obsluhu laickou osobou<\/li>\n<li>Specifikujte po\u017eadovan\u00e9 InA na z\u00e1klad\u011b: max(sou\u010det vstupn\u00edch obvod\u016f, \u03a3(IB s diverzitou))<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00e1\u017eit <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/switchboard-vs-switchgear\/\">rozvad\u011b\u010d vs. sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj<\/a> rozd\u00edly<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F\u00e1ze 3: Po\u017eadavky na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si od v\u00fdrobce hodnoty Inc pro ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod <strong>v navrhovan\u00e9 konfiguraci<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si deklarovanou hodnotu(y) RDF pro sestavu nebo skupiny obvod\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159te: IB \u2264 (Inc \u00d7 RDF) pro v\u0161echny obvody s trval\u00fdm provozem<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159te: \u03a3(Inc \u00d7 RDF) \u2264 InA pro kompletn\u00ed sestavu<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si zpr\u00e1vu o zkou\u0161ce oteplen\u00ed nebo v\u00fdpo\u010det (IEC 61439-1, \u010dl\u00e1nek 10.10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>F\u00e1ze 4: Kontrola dokumentace<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zkontrolujte, zda ozna\u010den\u00ed na typov\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtku zahrnuje InA, pl\u00e1n Inc a RDF<\/li>\n<li>Zkontrolujte dokumenty o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu (zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly, v\u00fdpo\u010dty nebo ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 reference)<\/li>\n<li>Zkontrolujte shodu s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi \u0159ady IEC 61439 (\u010d\u00e1st 1, 2 nebo 3)<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159te faktory korekce nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky\/teploty, pokud jsou pot\u0159eba (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/electrical-derating-temperature-altitude-grouping-factors\/\">p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed datov\u00fdch list\u016f v\u00fdrobce<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Na co se zam\u011b\u0159it:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>InA Deklarace<\/strong>: Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u011b uvedena, ne skryta v drobn\u00e9m p\u00edsmu. D\u00e1vejte pozor na datov\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pouze \u201cjmenovit\u00fd proud p\u0159\u00edpojnice\u201d bez InA sestavy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inc Rozvrh<\/strong>: Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobci poskytuj\u00ed tabulku Inc pro ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, ne pouze obecn\u00e9 jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pokud datov\u00fd list uv\u00e1d\u00ed pouze \u201c10\u00d7 63A MCB,\u201d vy\u017eadujte skute\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty Inc pro tyto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pozice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hodnota RDF a Pou\u017eitelnost<\/strong>: M\u011bla by uv\u00e1d\u011bt RDF a objasnit, zda se vztahuje na v\u0161echny obvody, specifick\u00e9 skupiny nebo sekce. Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jako \u201cRDF = 0,8 pro standardn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed\u201d jsou v\u00e1gn\u00ed \u2013 vy\u017eadujte konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fadaje.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed Teploty<\/strong>: Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si odkaz na \u010d\u00edslo protokolu o zkou\u0161ce nebo v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed soubor. Podle IEC 61439-1 mus\u00ed tato dokumentace existovat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jmenovit\u00e1 Teplota Okol\u00ed<\/strong>: Standard je 35 \u00b0C. Pokud va\u0161e pracovi\u0161t\u011b tuto teplotu p\u0159ekra\u010duje, je nutn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu. Po\u017e\u00e1dejte o sestavy s jmenovitou teplotou 40 \u00b0C nebo 45 \u00b0C (sni\u017euje InA\/Inc o ~10-15 %).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Varovn\u00e9 Sign\u00e1ly ve Specifikac\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p>\ud83d\udea9 <strong>Datov\u00fd list ukazuje InA = jisti\u010d hlavn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edvodu In<\/strong>: Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sestava nebyla \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ena. InA by m\u011bla b\u00fdt stanovena tepelnou anal\u00fdzou, nikoli jednodu\u0161e zkop\u00edrov\u00e1na z jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu jisti\u010de p\u0159\u00edvodu.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udea9 <strong>Nen\u00ed uvedeno RDF, nebo \u201cRDF = 1,0\u201d bez od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bu\u010f ne\u00fapln\u00e1 dokumentace, nebo v\u00fdrobce neprovedl ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si protokoly o zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udea9 <strong>Obecn\u00e9 hodnoty Inc bez odkazu na konfiguraci sestavy<\/strong>: Inc z\u00e1vis\u00ed na fyzick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Datov\u00fd list uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u201c63A MCB = Inc 63A\u201d pro v\u0161echny pozice ve v\u0161ech velikostech panel\u016f je v rozporu s normou.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udea9 <strong>\u201cNa z\u00e1klad\u011b IEC 60439\u201d nebo \u201cSpl\u0148uje star\u0161\u00ed normy\u201d<\/strong>: IEC 60439 byla nahrazena. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat \u0159adu IEC 61439 (p\u0159echodn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed skon\u010dilo v roce 2014).<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udea9 <strong>Nen\u00ed k dispozici dokumentace o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty<\/strong>: Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 10.10 je ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed povinn\u00e9. Pokud v\u00fdrobce nem\u016f\u017ee toto poskytnout, sestava nen\u00ed v souladu s normou.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy Vy\u017e\u00e1dat Tepeln\u00e9 V\u00fdpo\u010dty<\/h3>\n<p>V\u017edy vy\u017e\u00e1dejte tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, kdy\u017e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vlastn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed panelu se odchyluje od standardn\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f v\u00fdrobce<\/li>\n<li>Teplota okol\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duje 35 \u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 m\u00e1 omezen\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed (IP54+, uzav\u0159en\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e1 hustota zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obvod\u016f (&gt;60 % obsazen\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch prostor\u016f)<\/li>\n<li>Aplikace s nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm provozem (datov\u00e1 centra, zpracovatelsk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, sol\u00e1rn\u00ed FV)<\/li>\n<li>Nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka &gt;1 000 m (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost chlazen\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Po\u017eadavky na Dokumentaci IEC 61439<\/h3>\n<p>Sestavy v souladu s normou mus\u00ed obsahovat:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0160t\u00edtek<\/strong> (IEC 61439-1, \u010dl\u00e1nek 11.1):\n<ul>\n<li>Jm\u00e9no\/ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka v\u00fdrobce<\/li>\n<li>Typov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed nebo identifikace<\/li>\n<li>Shoda s IEC 61439-X (relevantn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st)<\/li>\n<li>InA (jmenovit\u00fd proud sestavy)<\/li>\n<li>Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (Ue)<\/li>\n<li>Jmenovit\u00e1 frekvence<\/li>\n<li>Stupe\u0148 ochrany (IP kryt\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>Podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd zkratov\u00fd proud (pokud je pou\u017eiteln\u00fd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technick\u00e1 Dokumentace<\/strong> (IEC 61439-1, \u010dl\u00e1nek 11.2):\n<ul>\n<li>Jednop\u00f3lov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma<\/li>\n<li>Rozvrh identifikace obvod\u016f s hodnotami Inc<\/li>\n<li>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o RDF<\/li>\n<li>Protokol o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty nebo odkaz<\/li>\n<li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zkratu<\/li>\n<li>Pokyny pro \u00fadr\u017ebu a provoz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1znamy o Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>: Pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu zkou\u0161kami, v\u00fdpo\u010dty nebo osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem mus\u00ed b\u00fdt form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1znamy uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny a k dispozici pro kontrolu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 Chyby ve Specifikac\u00edch a Opravy<\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th>Chyba<\/th>\n<th>N\u00e1sledek<\/th>\n<th>Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd postup<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Specifikace \u201c400A panel\u201d bez uveden\u00ed InA, Inc nebo RDF<\/td>\n<td>V\u00fdrobce dod\u00e1v\u00e1 nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v souladu s normou; m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt InA = 320A s RDF = 0,7<\/td>\n<td>Specifikujte: \u201cInA \u2265 400A, RDF \u2265 0,8 pro v\u0161echny v\u00fdstupn\u00ed obvody, rozvrh Inc podle seznamu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pou\u017eit\u00ed jmenovit\u00fdch hodnot za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (In) pro v\u00fdpo\u010dty zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u2013 skute\u010dn\u00e9 Inc m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si rozvrh Inc, ov\u011b\u0159te IB \u2264 (Inc \u00d7 RDF)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed okoln\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/td>\n<td>P\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v ter\u00e9nu v l\u00e9t\u011b nebo v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysokou teplotou<\/td>\n<td>Specifikujte teplotu okol\u00ed, vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si faktory sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obvod\u016f po dod\u00e1n\u00ed bez op\u011btovn\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Tepeln\u00e9 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, ztr\u00e1ta z\u00e1ruky<\/td>\n<td>Zapojte v\u00fdrobce pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed modifikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee RDF z jednoho panelu plat\u00ed pro jin\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>R\u016fzn\u00e1 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 hodnoty RDF<\/td>\n<td>Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si RDF specifick\u00e9 pro va\u0161i konfiguraci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Technick\u00e1 podpora VIOX<\/strong>: N\u00e1\u0161 in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fd t\u00fdm poskytuje p\u0159edprodejn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy pro zak\u00e1zkov\u00e9 projekty. P\u0159edlo\u017ete pl\u00e1ny zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a instala\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a my v\u00e1m doru\u010d\u00edme ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Inc\/RDF p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se zav\u00e1\u017eete k n\u00e1kupu. U standardn\u00edch produkt\u016f jsou s dod\u00e1vkou zahrnuty komplexn\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00ed protokoly.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/VIOX-Single-Line-Diagram-SLD-detailing-InA-vs-Inc-ratings-and-load-diversity-analysis.webp\" alt=\"Technical schematic showing Inc\/InA relationship in distribution\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\"><figcaption style=\"font-style: italic; text-align: center; color: #555; margin-top: 5px;\">Obr\u00e1zek 5: Jednop\u00f3lov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma (SLD) s podrobnostmi o jmenovit\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch InA vs. Inc a anal\u00fdzou rozmanitosti zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy obvod\u016f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br: T\u0159i \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 definuj\u00ed skute\u010dnou kapacitu<\/h2>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl mezi rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010dem, kter\u00fd spolehliv\u011b funguje 20 let, a rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010dem, kter\u00fd sel\u017ee b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, \u010dasto spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pochopen\u00ed <strong>InA, Inc a RDF<\/strong>. Tyto t\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00e9 parametry \u2013 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 normou IEC 61439, ale st\u00e1le \u0161iroce nepochopen\u00e9 \u2013 definuj\u00ed tepelnou realitu nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho rozvodu energie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 poznatky:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>InA<\/strong> je celkov\u00e1 distribu\u010dn\u00ed kapacita rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de, omezen\u00e1 tepeln\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem p\u0159\u00edpojnic v dan\u00e9m specifick\u00e9m fyzick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nikoli jmenovit\u00fdm proudem hlavn\u00edho jisti\u010de<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inc<\/strong> je jmenovit\u00fd proud ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obvodu s ohledem na mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed polohu, sousedn\u00ed zdroje tepla a tepeln\u00e9 interakce \u2013 nikoli jmenovit\u00fd proud za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>RDF<\/strong> je koeficient tepeln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu pro trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u2013 nikoli elektrick\u00fd koeficient rozmanitosti z instala\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159i specifikaci nebo n\u00e1kupu rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de po\u017eadujte tyto t\u0159i hodnoty s podp\u016frnou dokumentac\u00ed. Ov\u011b\u0159te z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rovnici: <strong>\u03a3(Inc \u00d7 RDF) \u2264 InA<\/strong>. Vy\u017e\u00e1dejte si protokoly o zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch oteplen\u00ed nebo v\u00fdpo\u010dty. Nep\u0159ij\u00edmejte v\u00e1gn\u00ed datov\u00e9 listy nebo neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed InA, Inc a RDF zabra\u0148uje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poruch\u00e1m v ter\u00e9nu zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1kladn\u00fdm \u00faprav\u00e1m, kdy\u017e zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>Nesouladu s normou IEC 61439 b\u011bhem inspekc\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Spor\u016fm o z\u00e1ruku kv\u016fli \u201cnedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu jmenovit\u00e9mu proudu\u201d<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdpadk\u016fm v\u00fdroby zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm ru\u0161iv\u00fdm vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1vazek spole\u010dnosti VIOX<\/strong>: Ka\u017ed\u00fd rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d VIOX je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n s kompletn\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed shody s normou IEC 61439 \u2013 ozna\u010den\u00ed InA na \u0161t\u00edtku, pl\u00e1ny obvod\u016f Inc, deklarovan\u00e9 hodnoty RDF a z\u00e1znamy o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed oteplen\u00ed. Na\u0161i in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i s v\u00e1mi spolupracuj\u00ed b\u011bhem specifikace, aby zajistili, \u017ee tepeln\u00e9 rezervy odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed aplikaci, nejen spl\u0148uj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy.<\/p>\n<p>Jak se energetick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyv\u00edjej\u00ed sm\u011brem k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm koeficient\u016fm vyu\u017eit\u00ed (sol\u00e1rn\u00ed fotovoltaika, nab\u00edjen\u00ed elektromobil\u016f, nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e1 datov\u00e1 infrastruktura), tepeln\u00fd management je st\u00e1le kriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Budoucnost zahrnuje inteligentn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dvoj\u010data, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 rezervy v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase a upozor\u0148uj\u00ed oper\u00e1tory d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e nastanou probl\u00e9my. Z\u00e1kladem v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed tyto t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty: InA, Inc a RDF.<\/p>\n<p>Specifikujte je jasn\u011b. D\u016fkladn\u011b je ov\u011b\u0159te. Va\u0161e elektrick\u00e1 infrastruktura na tom z\u00e1vis\u00ed.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<h3>Co se stane, kdy\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00edm jmenovit\u00fd proud InA?<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed InA zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnice pracuj\u00ed nad sv\u00fdmi limity oteplen\u00ed (typicky 70 K nad okoln\u00ed teplotou). V kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu to urychluje st\u00e1rnut\u00ed izolace, uvol\u0148uje \u0161roubov\u00e9 spoje v d\u016fsledku cykl\u016f tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a zvy\u0161uje kontaktn\u00ed odpor. Dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky zahrnuj\u00ed oxidaci p\u0159\u00edpojnic, zuhelnat\u011blou izolaci a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd p\u0159eskok nebo po\u017e\u00e1r. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee, <strong>nadproudov\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 prvky nemus\u00ed vypnout<\/strong>\u2014 250A hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d nechr\u00e1n\u00ed proti tepeln\u00e9mu p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i trval\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed 260A. Rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d je navr\u017een jako syst\u00e9m; p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed InA ohro\u017euje celkovou tepelnou rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/p>\n<h3>Mohu pou\u017e\u00edt obvod na pln\u00fd Inc, pokud RDF < 1.0?<\/h3>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd. <strong>RDF specificky omezuje trval\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na Inc \u00d7 RDF<\/strong>. Pokud Inc = 50 A a RDF = 0,7, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00e9 trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je 35 A. Provoz p\u0159i 50 A poru\u0161uje teplotn\u00ed limity IEC 61439, i kdy\u017e jisti\u010d nevypnul. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (&lt; 30 minut zapnuto s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm \u010dasem vypnut\u00ed pro chlazen\u00ed) se mohou bl\u00ed\u017eit pln\u00e9mu Inc, ale trval\u00fd provoz mus\u00ed respektovat RDF. Pokud va\u0161e aplikace vy\u017eaduje pln\u00e9 Inc trval\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, specifikujte rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d s RDF = 1,0 nebo si vy\u017e\u00e1dejte konfiguraci s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm Inc pro dan\u00fd specifick\u00fd obvod.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak ur\u010d\u00edm reduk\u010dn\u00ed faktor (RDF) pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed konfiguraci m\u00e9ho rozvad\u011b\u010de?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>RDF mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnuto v\u00fdrobcem rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010de<\/strong>, nikoli vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no instala\u010dn\u00edm technikem nebo projektantem. Je ur\u010deno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Zkou\u0161ky oteplen\u00ed podle IEC 61439-1, \u010dl\u00e1nek 10.10<\/li>\n<li>Tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu pomoc\u00ed validovan\u00fdch model\u016f (p\u0159\u00edloha D)<\/li>\n<li>Odvozen\u00ed z osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu s dolo\u017eenou podobnost\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>P\u0159i vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nab\u00eddek specifikujte: \u201cPoskytn\u011bte deklarovanou hodnotu RDF s podp\u016frn\u00fdm protokolem o zkou\u0161ce nebo referenc\u00ed na v\u00fdpo\u010det.\u201d Pokud v\u00fdrobce nem\u016f\u017ee poskytnout dokumentaci RDF, rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d nen\u00ed v souladu s normou IEC 61439. U zak\u00e1zkov\u00fdch panel\u016f odchyluj\u00edc\u00edch se od standardn\u00edch katalogov\u00fdch n\u00e1vrh\u016f si vy\u017e\u00e1dejte form\u00e1ln\u00ed tepelnou anal\u00fdzu \u2013 VIOX poskytuje tuto slu\u017ebu ve f\u00e1zi specifikace pro projekty nad 100 A InA.<\/p>\n<h3>Plat\u00ed RDF pro kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (&lt; 30 minut)?<\/h3>\n<p>Obecn\u011b <strong>ne<\/strong>. RDF se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 tepelnou rovnov\u00e1hou p\u0159i trval\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed (&gt; 30 minut, kdy se teplota stabilizuje). Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, jako je spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed motoru, sva\u0159ovac\u00ed impulsy nebo kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z tepeln\u00e9 hmoty \u2013 rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d nedos\u00e1hne ust\u00e1len\u00e9 teploty. Pokud se v\u0161ak kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rychle cykluj\u00ed (nap\u0159. 20 minut ZAPNUTO \/ 10 minut VYPNUTO opakovan\u011b), rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d se nikdy pln\u011b neochlad\u00ed a RDF se efektivn\u011b uplatn\u00ed. Pro aplikace s pracovn\u00edm cyklem se pora\u010fte s v\u00fdrobcem s va\u0161\u00edm specifick\u00fdm profilem zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. IEC 61439-1 nep\u0159edepisuje p\u0159esn\u00e1 pravidla pro pracovn\u00ed cyklus \u2013 tepeln\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010duje limity.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi RDF a koeficienty rozmanitosti v elektrick\u00fdch p\u0159edpisech (BS 7671, NEC)?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Koeficienty elektrick\u00e9 rozmanitosti<\/strong> (BS 7671 P\u0159\u00edloha A, NEC \u010cl\u00e1nek 220) odhaduj\u00ed <strong>skute\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>: \u201cNe v\u0161echny obvody pracuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b.\u201d Sni\u017euj\u00ed celkov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edch kabel\u016f a transform\u00e1tor\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b statistick\u00fdch vzorc\u016f vyu\u017eit\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edklad: P\u011bt 30A obvod\u016f v reziden\u010dn\u00ed kuchyni m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt koeficient rozmanitosti 0,4, za p\u0159edpokladu pouze 40% pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>RDF (jmenovit\u00fd koeficient rozmanitosti)<\/strong> je <strong>tepeln\u00fd limit pro trval\u00fd provoz<\/strong>: \u201cI kdy\u017e v\u0161echny obvody b\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, nahromad\u011bn\u00ed tepla omezuje ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod na Inc \u00d7 RDF.\u201d Je to fyzick\u00e9 omezen\u00ed, nikoli statistick\u00fd odhad. M\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt elektrickou rozmanitost ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, ale vy <strong>nem\u016f\u017eete p\u0159ekro\u010dit tepeln\u00e9 limity definovan\u00e9 RDF<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad zmatku: In\u017een\u00fdr pou\u017eije rozmanitost 0,7 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dimenzov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed (spr\u00e1vn\u011b), pak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet na 100% Inc, proto\u017ee \u201czat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebudou v\u0161echna b\u011b\u017eet sou\u010dasn\u011b\u201d (nespr\u00e1vn\u011b). I kdy\u017e statisticky v\u0161echna zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed neb\u011b\u017e\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, <strong>kdy\u017e b\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>, ka\u017ed\u00e9 mus\u00ed z\u016fstat v tepeln\u00fdch limitech Inc \u00d7 RDF.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt InA vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jmenovit\u00fd proud hlavn\u00edho jisti\u010de?<\/h3>\n<p>Ano, <strong>InA m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dit jmenovit\u00fd proud hlavn\u00edho jisti\u010de In<\/strong>. InA je ur\u010deno tepelnou kapacitou p\u0159\u00edpojnic ve specifick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d In je vybr\u00e1n pro nadproudovou\/zkratovou ochranu na z\u00e1klad\u011b charakteristik nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a koordinace.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklad: Rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d m\u00e1 InA = 800 A (ov\u011b\u0159eno tepelnou zkou\u0161kou p\u0159\u00edpojnic). \u00darove\u0148 poruchy nap\u00e1jec\u00edho transform\u00e1toru a po\u017eadavky na koordinaci diktuj\u00ed 630A hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d (In = 630 A). Rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d m\u016f\u017ee distribuovat 800 A tepeln\u011b, ale nadproudov\u00e1 ochrana omezuje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed na 630 A. To je v souladu s p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n<p>Naopak, InA m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt <strong>ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ne\u017e jmenovit\u00fd proud hlavn\u00edho jisti\u010de \u2013 \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed zmatek v ter\u00e9nu. 400A hlavn\u00ed jisti\u010d nezaru\u010duje InA = 400 A, pokud uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpojnic omezuje distribuci na 320 A.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak okoln\u00ed teplota ovliv\u0148uje tyto jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Standardn\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty IEC 61439-1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed okoln\u00ed teplotu 35 \u00b0C<\/strong> (podle tabulky 8). Provoz p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch sni\u017euje proudovou kapacitu, proto\u017ee komponenty za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee teplotn\u00edm limit\u016fm. Typick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Okoln\u00ed teplota 40 \u00b0C: Sni\u017ete InA\/Inc o ~10 %<\/li>\n<li>Okoln\u00ed teplota 45 \u00b0C: Sni\u017ete o ~15-20 %<\/li>\n<li>Okoln\u00ed teplota 50 \u00b0C: Sni\u017ete o ~25-30 %<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toto jsou pouze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 hodnoty \u2013 p\u0159esn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konstrukci sestavy. V\u017edy si vy\u017e\u00e1dejte teplotn\u00ed korek\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivky od v\u00fdrobce. Pro instalace s okoln\u00ed teplotou nad 40 \u00b0C (strojovny, tropick\u00e9 klima, venkovn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b na slunci) to specifikujte p\u0159edem. Spole\u010dnost VIOX m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout sestavy dimenzovan\u00e9 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 okoln\u00ed teploty nebo pou\u017e\u00edt korek\u010dn\u00ed faktory na standardn\u00ed proveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka tak\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uje chlazen\u00ed (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 hustota vzduchu). Nad 1 000 m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu \u2013 viz n\u00e1\u0161 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/electrical-derating-temperature-altitude-grouping-factors\/\">komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm jmenovit\u00e9ho proudu<\/a> pro podrobn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e9 zdroje od spole\u010dnosti VIOX:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/types-of-circuit-breakers\/\">Typy jisti\u010d\u016f: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce klasifikac\u00ed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/low-voltage-switchgear-types-ggd-gck-gcs-mns-xl21-guide\/\">Typy n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d\u016f: Pr\u016fvodce GGD, GCK, GCS, MNS, XL21<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/circuit-breaker-ratings-icu-ics-icw-icm\/\">Jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty jisti\u010d\u016f: Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed ICU, ICS, ICW, ICM<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/mccb-vs-iccb-comprehensive-guide\/\">MCB vs MCCB: Komplexn\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/iec-60947-3-utilization-categories-guide\/\">Pr\u016fvodce kategoriemi vyu\u017eit\u00ed IEC 60947-3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why Your 400A Switchgear Trips at 350A: The Hidden Truth About Current Ratings Picture this: You&#8217;ve specified a distribution board with a 400A main circuit breaker for an industrial facility. The load calculations show 340A maximum demand\u2014well within capacity. Yet three months after commissioning, the system trips repeatedly under continuous operation at just 350A. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21250,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21248\/revisions\/21250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}