{"id":14108,"date":"2025-03-11T09:01:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T01:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=14108"},"modified":"2026-03-26T14:32:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T06:32:43","slug":"surge-protective-device-type-1-vs-type-2-vs-type-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/surge-protective-device-type-1-vs-type-2-vs-type-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Typy SPD: Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed typu 1 vs. typu 2 vs. typu 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p>T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed <strong>typy <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/spd\/\">SPD<\/a><\/strong> jsou <strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong>, <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong>a <strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong>. Rozd\u00edl mezi nimi nen\u00ed pouze ot\u00e1zkou jmenovit\u00e9 hodnoty nebo ceny \u2013 je definov\u00e1n <strong>t\u00edm, kde je ka\u017ed\u00fd SPD instalov\u00e1n v elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a jak\u00fd druh r\u00e1zov\u00e9 energie je navr\u017een pro zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong> se instaluje na vstupu do budovy nebo v upstreamov\u00e9m ochrann\u00e9m bod\u011b a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysokoenergetick\u00e9 extern\u00ed r\u00e1zy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> se instaluje do rozvodn\u00fdch panel\u016f a podru\u017en\u00fdch rozvad\u011b\u010d\u016f a slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 vrstva pro intern\u00ed n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> se instaluje v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a poskytuje ochranu v m\u00edst\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed proti zbytkov\u00e9 r\u00e1zov\u00e9 energii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tyto klasifikace jsou definov\u00e1ny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b <strong>IEC 61643-11<\/strong> a <strong>ANSI\/UL 1449<\/strong> (NEC) \u2013 a ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je testov\u00e1n proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm r\u00e1zov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jeho zam\u00fd\u0161lenou roli. V mnoha instalac\u00edch tyto t\u0159i typy spolupracuj\u00ed jako <strong>koordinovan\u00e1, vrstven\u00e1 strategie ochrany<\/strong> sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se navz\u00e1jem nahrazovaly.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Layered-SPD-protection-architecture-showing-Type-1-at-service-entrance-Type-2-at-distribution-panel-and-Type-3-near-sensitive-equipment.webp\" alt=\"Layered SPD protection architecture showing Type 1 at service entrance, Type 2 at distribution panel, and Type 3 near sensitive equipment\" \/><figcaption><em>Vrstven\u00e1 architektura ochrany SPD zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed typ 1 na vstupu do budovy, typ 2 v rozvodn\u00e9m panelu a typ 3 v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed komplexn\u00ed obrannou linii.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 poznatky<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong> je prvn\u00ed lini\u00ed obrany, kde budova p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 extern\u00ed r\u00e1zovou energii, testov\u00e1no s vlnou 10\/350 \u00b5s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ochranu proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na \u00farovni panelu v n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch instalac\u00edch, testov\u00e1no s vlnou 8\/20 \u00b5s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> chr\u00e1n\u00ed citliv\u00e9 koncov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti zbytkov\u00fdm r\u00e1z\u016fm v m\u00edst\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud je c\u00edlem \u0161irok\u00e1 ochrana budovy nebo panelu, <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> je obvykle centr\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud je c\u00edlem fin\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana na \u00farovni za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, <strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> je nezbytn\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden typ SPD ve vrstven\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s \u0159\u00e1dnou koordinac\u00ed energie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Typy SPD v kostce<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typ SPD<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Bod instalace<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Role ochrany<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Testovac\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typick\u00e1 pozice<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Vstup do budovy nebo po\u010d\u00e1tek instalace<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysokoenergetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed r\u00e1zy (blesk, sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed v s\u00edti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">10\/350 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Upstreamov\u00e1 vrstva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Hlavn\u00ed rozvad\u011b\u010d nebo podru\u017en\u00fd panel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Chr\u00e1n\u00ed intern\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m proti p\u0159echodn\u00e9mu p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Vrstva panelu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">V bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Chr\u00e1n\u00ed koncov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed zbytkovou r\u00e1zovou energi\u00ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kombinace 1,2\/50 \u00b5s \u2013 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Vrstva v m\u00edst\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Co znamenaj\u00ed t\u0159i typy SPD<\/h2>\n<p>Klasifikace <strong>Typ 1<\/strong>, <strong>Typ 2<\/strong>a <strong>Typ 3<\/strong> je z\u00e1sadn\u011b o aplika\u010dn\u00ed roli a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed instalace \u2013 nikoli o velikosti produktu nebo cenov\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Dle <strong>NEC (N\u00e1rodn\u00ed elektrotechnick\u00fd p\u0159edpis)<\/strong> a <strong>ANSI\/UL 1449<\/strong>, jsou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ochranu proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed ozna\u010dov\u00e1na podle typu na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, kam se p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed v elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a jak\u00e9 r\u00e1zov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed se od nich o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budou \u0159\u00eddit. <strong>IEC 61643-11<\/strong> norma pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 paraleln\u00ed klasifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se \u00fazce shoduje jak v n\u00e1zvoslov\u00ed, tak v logice instalace.<\/p>\n<p>Proto by se s SPD typu 3 nikdy nem\u011blo zach\u00e1zet jako s n\u00e1hradou za ochranu vstupu do budovy a pro\u010d SPD typu 1 samo o sob\u011b automaticky neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je citliv\u00e1 downstreamov\u00e1 elektronika pln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bna. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je navr\u017een a testov\u00e1n pro specifickou pozici v ochrann\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci.<\/p>\n<p>Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f a kupuj\u00edc\u00edch se praktick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka redukuje na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kter\u00fd typ SPD pat\u0159\u00ed na vstup do budovy?<\/li>\n<li>Kter\u00fd typ SPD pat\u0159\u00ed do panelu?<\/li>\n<li>Kter\u00fd typ SPD pat\u0159\u00ed do bl\u00edzkosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011b tak by m\u011bly b\u00fdt tyto t\u0159i typy ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny a specifikov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Electrical-single-line-diagram-showing-correct-installation-locations-for-Type-1-Type-2-and-Type-3-SPDs-in-a-low-voltage-distribution-system.webp\" alt=\"Electrical single line diagram showing correct installation locations for Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 SPDs in a low voltage distribution system\" \/><figcaption><em>Elektrick\u00e9 jednop\u00f3lov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma ilustruj\u00edc\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed instalace pro SPD typu 1, typu 2 a typu 3 ve standardn\u00edm n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9m distribu\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed SPD typu 1<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong> se instaluje na po\u010d\u00e1tku elektrick\u00e9 instalace \u2013 typicky mezi sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed servisn\u00edho transform\u00e1toru a stranu veden\u00ed (nebo stranu z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee) nadproudov\u00e9ho ochrann\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vstupu do budovy.<\/p>\n<h3>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 SPD typu 1<\/h3>\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fakolem SPD typu 1 je zachytit a odklonit vysokoenergetick\u00e9 r\u00e1zov\u00e9 proudy vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do instalace z extern\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Je charakterizov\u00e1n svou schopnost\u00ed odolat <strong>proudov\u00e9 vln\u011b 10\/350 \u00b5s<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 simuluje dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed, vysokoenergetick\u00fd impuls spojen\u00fd s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm nebo bl\u00edzk\u00fdm \u00faderem blesku. Tato vlna obsahuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b <strong>20kr\u00e1t v\u00edce energie<\/strong> ne\u017e vlna 8\/20 \u00b5s se stejn\u00fdm \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdm proudem, a proto jsou pouze skute\u010dn\u00e9 SPD typu 1 navr\u017eeny tak, aby ji p\u0159e\u017eily bez katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>SPD typu 1 je typicky spojeno s:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prost\u0159ed\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi r\u00e1zy blesku<\/li>\n<li>Vstupn\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ze vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch veden\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Instalace chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 extern\u00edm syst\u00e9mem ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem (LPS)<\/li>\n<li>Sp\u00ednac\u00ed ud\u00e1losti kondenz\u00e1torov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed v s\u00edti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SPD typu 1<\/h3>\n<p>Typick\u00e9 aplikace SPD typu 1 zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ochrana vstupu do budovy<\/strong> \u2014 p\u0159ed nebo za hlavn\u00edm odpojova\u010dem, v z\u00e1vislosti na norm\u011b a n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>Budovy s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed expozic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm blesku, zejm\u00e9na ty se vzdu\u0161n\u00fdmi nap\u00e1jec\u00edmi veden\u00edmi<\/li>\n<li>Hlavn\u00ed rozvad\u011b\u010de v bl\u00edzkosti vstupu elektrick\u00e9 energie od dodavatele<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 provozy, nemocnice a datov\u00e1 centra vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed plnou kask\u00e1dovou ochranu<\/li>\n<li>Instalace, kde je p\u0159\u00edtomen extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem nebo st\u00ednic\u00ed klec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dle <strong>UL 1449<\/strong>, SPD typu 1 je trvale p\u0159ipojeno a ur\u010deno pro instalaci mezi sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed servisn\u00edho transform\u00e1toru a vstupn\u00ed stranu nadproudov\u00e9ho ochrann\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 1 jsou obvykle du\u00e1ln\u011b dimenzov\u00e1na, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je lze instalovat i na stran\u011b z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee \u2013 co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 flexibilitu jako n\u00e1hrady typu 2 na vstupu do budovy.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d je SPD typu 1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud je syst\u00e9m vystaven siln\u00e9 energii p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na od blesku nebo nadzemn\u00edho veden\u00ed \u2013 SPD typu 1 poskytuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvn\u00ed ochrannou bari\u00e9ru. Je to vrstva pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed proti proudu, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed katastrofick\u00e9 energie do vnit\u0159n\u00edho distribu\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, <strong>SPD typu 1 samo o sob\u011b nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>. \u00darove\u0148 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany (Up) za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 1 je \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jakou citliv\u00e1 elektronika po proudu snese. Panely po proudu a citliv\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dodate\u010dnou koordinaci SPD, aby se zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eilo na bezpe\u010dnou \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n<h2>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed SPD typu 2<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00edch. Je to <strong>hlavn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro v\u0161echny n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong>, podle IEC 61643-11, a slou\u017e\u00ed jako tahoun praktick\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany.<\/p>\n<p>SPD typu 2 se obvykle instaluje v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hlavn\u00ed rozvodn\u00e9 desky (MDB)<\/li>\n<li>Podru\u017en\u00e9 rozvodn\u00e9 panely<\/li>\n<li>V\u011btvov\u00e9 rozvodn\u00e9 sestavy<\/li>\n<li>Rozvodn\u00e9 desky za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 SPD typu 2<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 2 se vyzna\u010duje <strong>proudovou vlnou 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/strong> a je hodnoceno dv\u011bma kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi parametry: <strong>Na adrese<\/strong> (jmenovit\u00fd v\u00fdbojov\u00fd proud) a <strong>Imax<\/strong> (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdbojov\u00fd proud). Jeho hlavn\u00ed \u00falohou je omezit p\u0159echodn\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm elektrick\u00e9m distribu\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena p\u0159es vrstvu typu 1 proti proudu (zbytkov\u00e1 energie blesku)<\/li>\n<li>Generov\u00e1na intern\u011b sp\u00ednac\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi (spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed motor\u016f, cyklov\u00e1n\u00ed HVAC, provoz rel\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>Indukov\u00e1na zm\u011bnami z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee nebo odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm poruch v budov\u011b nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00darove\u0148 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany (Up) SPD typu 2 mus\u00ed z\u016fstat pod <strong>2,5 kV<\/strong> pro ochranu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kategorie II podle definice IEC 60664-1. P\u0159i porovn\u00e1n\u00ed dvou SPD typu 2 se stejnou hodnotou In m\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou Imax v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rezervu a vydr\u017e\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed bez degradace.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d je SPD typu 2 \u010dasto nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed praktick\u00e9 SPD<\/h3>\n<p>Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu komer\u010dn\u00edch, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a stavebn\u00edch panelov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed, nesmlouvav\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 vrstva. Je to za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f a dodavatel\u016f specifikuje p\u0159\u00edmo na \u00farovni panelu, proto\u017ee \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrozby p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n<p>Intern\u011b generovan\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 od spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kompresor\u016f, motor\u016f v\u00fdtah\u016f, frekven\u010dn\u00edch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f a sp\u00ednac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 jsou mnohem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ud\u00e1losti blesku. SPD typu 2 je speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeno a testov\u00e1no tak, aby opakovan\u011b zvl\u00e1dalo tato ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed po celou dobu sv\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n<p>To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d <code>SPD typu 2<\/code> m\u00e1 siln\u00fd samostatn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Mnoho kupuj\u00edc\u00edch neporovn\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161echny typy SPD \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b hledaj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 SPD pro mont\u00e1\u017e do panelu pro svou rozvodnou desku.<\/p>\n<h3>Typick\u00e9 aplikace pro SPD typu 2<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed rozvodn\u00e9 desky<\/li>\n<li>Podru\u017en\u00e9 panely komer\u010dn\u00edch budov<\/li>\n<li>Panely HVAC a v\u00fdtah\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Centrech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motor\u016f (MCC)<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 panely nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a odbo\u010dek<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana vstupu a v\u00fdstupu UPS<\/li>\n<li>Panely st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 strany fotovoltaick\u00fdch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Rozvodn\u00e9 desky nab\u00edjec\u00edch stanic EV<\/li>\n<li>Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panely pro automatizaci a procesn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kdy by m\u011blo b\u00fdt specifikov\u00e1no SPD typu 2<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud je ot\u00e1zka projektu n\u011bkter\u00e1 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch, odpov\u011b\u010f je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cJak\u00e9 SPD bych m\u011bl nainstalovat do rozvodn\u00e9ho panelu?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cJak\u00fd typ SPD je vy\u017eadov\u00e1n pro podru\u017enou rozvodnou desku?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cJak\u00fd je standardn\u00ed typ SPD pro ochranu vnit\u0159n\u00ed distribuce energie?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cKter\u00e9 SPD chr\u00e1n\u00ed proti sp\u00ednac\u00edm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm a vnit\u0159n\u00edm p\u0159echodn\u00fdm jev\u016fm?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I v budov\u00e1ch s podzemn\u00edm kabelov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edvodem \u2013 kde je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd bleskov\u00fd proud vstoupil p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edvod \u2013 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 SPD typu 2 nezbytn\u00e9, proto\u017ee vnit\u0159n\u00ed sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy st\u00e1le p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed trvalou hrozbu pro p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed SPD typu 3<\/h2>\n<p>A <strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> se instaluje v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a poskytuje posledn\u00ed f\u00e1zi p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany. Jeho funkc\u00ed je sn\u00ed\u017eit zbytkov\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na \u00farove\u0148, kter\u00e1 je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro jemn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky \u2013 pot\u00e9, co za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 1 a typu 2 proti proudu ji\u017e absorbovala hlavn\u00ed p\u0159echodnou energii.<\/p>\n<h3>Co d\u011bl\u00e1 SPD typu 3<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 3 maj\u00ed <strong>ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbojovou kapacitu<\/strong> ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi typu 1 a typu 2. Nejsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby samy o sob\u011b zvl\u00e1dly vysokoenergetick\u00e9 r\u00e1zov\u00e9 proudy. M\u00edsto toho dola\u010fuj\u00ed omezen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed a chr\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Elektronick\u00e1 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a PLC<\/li>\n<li>Komunika\u010dn\u00ed a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Hardware pro automatizaci a instrumentaci<\/li>\n<li>IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, servery a syst\u00e9my pro sb\u011br dat<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje a laboratorn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed citliv\u00e9 koncov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee s n\u00edzkou odolnost\u00ed proti impulz\u016fm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podle IEC 61643-11, SPD typu 3 <strong>mus\u00ed b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1ny jako dopln\u011bk k SPD typu 2<\/strong> \u2014 nikdy ne jako jedin\u00e1 ochrana proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed v instalaci. Jsou testov\u00e1ny kombinovanou vlnou (nap\u011bt\u00ed 1,2\/50 \u00b5s kombinovan\u00e9 s proudem 8\/20 \u00b5s) a parametrem nap\u011bt\u00ed napr\u00e1zdno (Uoc).<\/p>\n<h3>Kde se typicky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SPD typu 3<\/h3>\n<p>Typick\u00e9 aplikace SPD typu 3 zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00e1suvky a z\u00e1suvn\u00e9 ochrany proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana na svork\u00e1ch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Elektronika rozvad\u011b\u010de<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana v m\u00edst\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed pro serverov\u00e9 racky a IT infrastrukturu<\/li>\n<li>Ochrana v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka vodi\u010de <strong>10 metr\u016f (30 stop)<\/strong> od elektrick\u00e9ho servisn\u00edho panelu k m\u00edstu instalace SPD typu 3 je obvykle vy\u017eadov\u00e1na podle sm\u011brnic UL 1449. Tato vzd\u00e1lenost zaji\u0161\u0165uje dostate\u010dnou impedanci mezi upstream SPD a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm typu 3 pro spr\u00e1vnou koordinaci energie.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na SPD typu 3<\/h3>\n<p>I s robustn\u00ed upstream ochranou m\u016f\u017ee nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 doraz\u00ed k citliv\u00e9mu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, st\u00e1le p\u0159ekro\u010dit jeho jmenovitou odolnost proti impulz\u016fm. D\u00e9lka kabelu, impedance a oscila\u010dn\u00ed efekty v instalaci mohou umo\u017enit, aby zbytkov\u00e9 p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy dos\u00e1hly \u00farovn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dasem zhor\u0161uj\u00ed nebo po\u0161kozuj\u00ed elektroniku. SPD typu 3 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tento probl\u00e9m posledn\u00edho metru.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je ot\u00e1zka projektu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cJak\u00fd typ SPD by m\u011bl b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1n v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cKter\u00e9 SPD poskytuje fin\u00e1ln\u00ed ochranu elektroniky v m\u00edst\u011b z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cJak mohu chr\u00e1nit komponenty \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ed zbytkov\u00fdmi p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edmi?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f je <strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong>, instalovan\u00e9 jako nejvnit\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstva koordinovan\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu ochrany.<\/p>\n<h2>Technick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: SPD typu 1 vs. typu 2 vs. typu 3<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Parametr<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">SPD typu 1<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">SPD typu 2<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typ 3 SPD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Testovac\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">10\/350 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kombinace 1,2\/50 \u00b5s \u2013 8\/20 \u00b5s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Iimp (impulzn\u00ed proud)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">In (jmenovit\u00fd) \/ Imax (maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Uoc (nap\u011bt\u00ed napr\u00e1zdno)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u2014 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmou energii blesku<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">St\u0159edn\u00ed \u2014 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 sp\u00ednac\u00ed a zbytkov\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u2014 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed zbytkov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>\u00darove\u0148 ochrany nap\u011bt\u00ed (Up)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typicky \u2264 4 kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typicky \u2264 2,5 kV<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Typicky \u2264 1,5 kV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>M\u00edsto instalace<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Vstup slu\u017eby \/ po\u010d\u00e1tek<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Rozvodn\u00e1 deska \/ podpanel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">V bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Samostatn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Ano, ale nechr\u00e1n\u00ed citliv\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee samotn\u00e9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Ano, nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed samostatn\u00e1 aplikace<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Ne \u2014 mus\u00ed dopl\u0148ovat SPD typu 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Normy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 Typ 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 Typ 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">IEC 61643-11 \/ UL 1449 Typ 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Pro\u010d z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na testov\u00e1n\u00ed vln<\/h3>\n<p>Vlna 10\/350 \u00b5s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k testov\u00e1n\u00ed SPD typu 1 simuluje pomal\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst a prodlou\u017een\u00e9 trv\u00e1n\u00ed impulzn\u00edho proudu blesku \u2014 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 masivn\u00ed energii po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Vlna 8\/20 \u00b5s pro SPD typu 2 simuluje rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed s krat\u0161\u00ed dobou trv\u00e1n\u00ed, typick\u00e9 pro sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy a indukovan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky blesku.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Comparison-of-10350-microsecond-and-820-microsecond-surge-waveforms-showing-energy-difference-between-Type-1-and-Type-2-SPD-testing.webp\" alt=\"Comparison of 10\/350 microsecond and 8\/20 microsecond surge waveforms showing energy difference between Type 1 and Type 2 SPD testing\" \/><figcaption><em>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vln p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed 10\/350 \u00b5s a 8\/20 \u00b5s, kter\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje masivn\u00ed rozd\u00edl v energii (zhruba 20x) zvl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 SPD typu 1 oproti SPD typu 2.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Toto nen\u00ed jen laboratorn\u00ed rozd\u00edl. P\u0159\u00edmo ur\u010duje ka\u017ed\u00e9 SPD <strong>skute\u010dnou kapacitu pro manipulaci s energi\u00ed<\/strong>. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed testovan\u00e9 pouze p\u0159i 8\/20 \u00b5s nem\u016f\u017ee spolehliv\u011b p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt trvalou energii ud\u00e1losti 10\/350 \u00b5s, co\u017e je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d SPD typu 2 nemohou nahradit SPD typu 1 na vstupu slu\u017eby v instalac\u00edch vystaven\u00fdch blesku.<\/p>\n<h2>Typ 1 vs. typ 2 vs. typ 3: Rychl\u00fd pr\u016fvodce rozhodov\u00e1n\u00edm<\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; text-align: left;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Ot\u00e1zka projektu<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px;\">Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ SPD<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD pat\u0159\u00ed na vstup slu\u017eby?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v rozvodn\u00fdch panelech?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD by m\u011blo b\u00fdt instalov\u00e1no v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 energii p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na \u00farovni blesku?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD je hlavn\u00ed vrstvou ochrany na \u00farovni panelu?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD poskytuje jemn\u011b vylad\u011bn\u00e9 up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD lze specifikovat jako samostatn\u00e9 panelov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\">Kter\u00e9 SPD mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy dopln\u011bno upstream ochranou?<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Jak t\u0159i typy SPD spolupracuj\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Ve spr\u00e1vn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fdch instalac\u00edch je nejlep\u0161\u00ed strategie ochrany proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed <strong>vrstven\u00e1 a koordinovan\u00e1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong> na po\u010d\u00e1tku nebo vstupu slu\u017eby absorbuje v\u011bt\u0161inu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed energie p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed a sni\u017euje kilovolty p\u0159echodn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamnou \u00farove\u0148.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> v hlavn\u00edm rozvad\u011b\u010di nebo podpanelu d\u00e1le up\u00edn\u00e1 zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 intern\u011b generovan\u00e9 sp\u00ednac\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 jevy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho koncov\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sni\u017euje kone\u010dn\u00e9 zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnou pro elektroniku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/Energy-coordination-cascade-diagram-illustrating-how-Type-1-Type-2-and-Type-3-SPDs-progressively-reduce-surge-voltage-levels.webp\" alt=\"Energy coordination cascade diagram illustrating how Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 SPDs progressively reduce surge voltage levels\" \/><figcaption><em>Kask\u00e1dov\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma koordinace energie demonstruj\u00edc\u00ed, jak SPDs typu 1, typu 2 a typu 3 spolupracuj\u00ed na postupn\u00e9m sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed vstupn\u00edho p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnou prahovou hodnotu pro citlivou elektroniku.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Princip koordinace<\/h3>\n<p>Aby tento vrstven\u00fd syst\u00e9m efektivn\u011b fungoval, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt SPDs v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi <strong>energeticky koordinovan\u00e9<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 navazuj\u00edc\u00ed SPD by nem\u011blo fungovat d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e m\u00e1 p\u0159ed\u0159azen\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010das absorbovat prim\u00e1rn\u00ed energii. Pokud SPD typu 3 sepne d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zni\u010deno energi\u00ed, pro kterou nebylo nikdy navr\u017eeno.<\/li>\n<li>Dostate\u010dn\u00e1 <strong>d\u00e9lka kabelu a impedance<\/strong> mezi stupni SPD je nutn\u00e1 pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed. Proto normy doporu\u010duj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad 10 metr\u016f pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 3.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed SPD od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, <strong>mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ov\u011b\u0159ena kompatibilita koordinace<\/strong>. Mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f poskytuje koordina\u010dn\u00ed tabulky nebo doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159ady SPD nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d v\u0161emi t\u0159emi typy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kde je vrstven\u00e1 ochrana nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Koordinovan\u00fd t\u0159\u00edvrstv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd v:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech<\/strong> s velk\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm motory a nadzemn\u00edm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm vystaven\u00fdm blesku<\/li>\n<li><strong>Komer\u010dn\u00ed budovy<\/strong> s hust\u00fdmi elektronick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my (BMS, ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed HVAC, IT s\u00edt\u011b)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Datov\u00fdch centrech a nemocnic\u00edch<\/strong> kde je prostoj nep\u0159ijateln\u00fd a citlivost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je vysok\u00e1<\/li>\n<li><strong>Instalace sol\u00e1rn\u00edch a obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie<\/strong> s m\u011bni\u010di a monitorovac\u00edmi syst\u00e9my<\/li>\n<li><strong>Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch s extern\u00edmi syst\u00e9my ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem<\/strong> (LPS), kde je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00eddit energii p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u00faderu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o z\u00e1kladech p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany viz <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/what-is-a-surge-protective-device-spd\/\">Co je p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 ochrana (SPD)?<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Jak vybrat spr\u00e1vn\u00fd typ SPD<\/h2>\n<h3>Vyberte SPD typu 1, kdy\u017e:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Konstrukce vy\u017eaduje p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ovou ochranu na vstupu proti vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vysokoenergetick\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm<\/li>\n<li>Instalace je nap\u00e1jena nadzemn\u00edm veden\u00edm s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vystaven\u00edm blesku<\/li>\n<li>Na budov\u011b je p\u0159\u00edtomen extern\u00ed syst\u00e9m ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem (LPS)<\/li>\n<li>Projekt je pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nemocnice nebo datov\u00e9 centrum vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed plnou kask\u00e1dovou ochranu<\/li>\n<li>NEC 230.67 nebo ekvivalentn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy na\u0159izuj\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ovou ochranu na vstupu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vyberte SPD typu 2, kdy\u017e:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Je nutn\u00e1 ochrana uvnit\u0159 hlavn\u00edho rozvad\u011b\u010de nebo podru\u017en\u00e9ho rozvad\u011b\u010de<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fraz je kladen na ochranu n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho distribu\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu proti sp\u00ednac\u00edm p\u0159echodov\u00fdm jev\u016fm<\/li>\n<li>Budova m\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed kabelov\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho blesku<\/li>\n<li>Rozvad\u011b\u010d je prim\u00e1rn\u00edm bodem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed v projektu<\/li>\n<li>Aplikace zahrnuje panely HVAC, \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed centra motor\u016f, syst\u00e9my UPS nebo distribuci nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Vyberte SPD typu 3, kdy\u017e:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159ipojen\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zahrnuje citliv\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edstrojov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrana na \u00farovni za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nad r\u00e1mec toho, co poskytuj\u00ed SPD na \u00farovni panelu<\/li>\n<li>Je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na kone\u010dn\u00e1 f\u00e1ze koordinovan\u00e9ho, v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu ochrany<\/li>\n<li>Elektronika \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed sk\u0159\u00edn\u011b, IT za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje vy\u017eaduj\u00ed jemn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u00edce typ\u016f SPD spole\u010dn\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch instalac\u00ed nen\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f \u201cTyp 1 NEBO Typ 2 NEBO Typ 3\u201d \u2013 je to <strong>kombinace<\/strong> vybran\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, architektury syst\u00e9mu a citlivosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Investice do koordinovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u00edce typ\u016f je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy opodstatn\u011bn\u00e1, kdy\u017e n\u00e1klady na selh\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo prostoje p\u0159esahuj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na spr\u00e1vnou ochranu.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru typ\u016f SPD<\/h2>\n<h3>Pou\u017eit\u00ed SPD typu 3 jako hlavn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro ochranu budovy<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 3 m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou vyb\u00edjec\u00ed kapacitu a je <strong>nen\u00ed navr\u017eeno pro funkci prim\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo jedin\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 vrstvy<\/strong>. Bez p\u0159ed\u0159azen\u00e9 ochrany typu 2 (a tam, kde je to relevantn\u00ed, typu 1) bude za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed typu 3 zahlceno p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ovou energi\u00ed, kterou nem\u016f\u017ee bezpe\u010dn\u011b odv\u00e9st.<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee SPD typu 1 \u010din\u00ed navazuj\u00edc\u00ed ochranu zbyte\u010dnou<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 1 je kritick\u00e9 pro absorbov\u00e1n\u00ed objemov\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 energie, ale jeho \u00farove\u0148 nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany (Up) je obvykle p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 pro citlivou elektroniku. Zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159enesen\u00e9 d\u00e1le po proudu m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le po\u0161kodit za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dimenzovan\u00e1 pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b odolnosti proti impulz\u016fm. SPD typu 2 a typu 3 jsou nutn\u00e9 k postupn\u00e9mu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed role SPD typu 2<\/h3>\n<p>V mnoha praktick\u00fdch n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch projektech, <strong>je SPD typu 2 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a univerz\u00e1ln\u011b vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong>. Jeho vynech\u00e1n\u00ed ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 cel\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a v\u0161echna p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vystavena jak vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zbytkov\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm, tak \u2013 \u010dast\u011bji \u2013 intern\u011b generovan\u00fdm sp\u00ednac\u00edm p\u0159echodov\u00fdm jev\u016fm.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdb\u011br pouze podle \u0161t\u00edtku produktu<\/h3>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1vis\u00ed na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00edst\u011b instalace<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci elektrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong> (vystaven\u00ed blesku, sp\u00ednac\u00ed \u010dinnost, kvalita s\u00edt\u011b)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Architektu\u0159e syst\u00e9mu<\/strong> (nadzemn\u00ed vs. podzemn\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, vzd\u00e1lenost mezi panely)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Citlivosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> (kategorie odolnosti proti impulzn\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Produkt ozna\u010den\u00fd jako \u201cp\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 ochrana\u201d bez jasn\u00e9 typov\u00e9 klasifikace podle IEC 61643-11 nebo UL 1449 nelze spr\u00e1vn\u011b vyhodnotit pro \u017e\u00e1dnou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se v\u0161emi typy SPD jako se zam\u011bniteln\u00fdmi<\/h3>\n<p>Nejsou zam\u011bniteln\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je definov\u00e1n sv\u00fdm zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem, testov\u00e1n proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm vlnov\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bh\u016fm a navr\u017een pro specifickou pozici v ochrann\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci. Instalace nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st bu\u010f k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 ochran\u011b, nebo k selh\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Kombinov\u00e1n\u00ed nekoordinovan\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud jsou SPD typu 1, typu 2 a typu 3 od r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f instalov\u00e1ny spole\u010dn\u011b bez ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed energetick\u00e9 koordinace, nemus\u00ed ochrann\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec fungovat tak, jak bylo zam\u00fd\u0161leno. V\u017edy ov\u011b\u0159te kompatibilitu koordinace nebo pou\u017eijte odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed produktov\u00e9 \u0159ady.<\/p>\n<h2>Intern\u00ed odkaz<\/h2>\n<p>Pro souvisej\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9mata v znalostn\u00ed b\u00e1zi p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany VIOX:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/what-is-a-surge-protective-device-spd\/\">Co je p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 ochrana (SPD)?<\/a> \u2014 komplexn\u00ed definice a p\u0159ehled<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/spd-full-form-in-electrical\/\">SPD \u2013 pln\u00fd tvar v elektrotechnice<\/a> \u2014 terminologie a referen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/surge-protection-devices-pros-and-cons\/\">P\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 ochrana \u2013 klady a z\u00e1pory<\/a> \u2014 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdhod a omezen\u00ed SPD<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/how-to-choose-the-right-surge-protective-device-for-solar-systems\/\">Jak vybrat spr\u00e1vn\u00fd SPD pro sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/a> \u2014 v\u00fdb\u011br SPD pro fotovoltaick\u00e9 a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p>T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed <strong>typy SPD<\/strong> \u2014 Typ 1, Typ 2 a Typ 3 \u2014 jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny podle toho, kde jsou instalov\u00e1ny a jakou energii p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed jsou navr\u017eeny zvl\u00e1dnout.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong> chr\u00e1n\u00ed na vstupu do objektu, absorbuje vysoce energetick\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed testovan\u00e9 p\u0159i vlnov\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu 10\/350 \u00b5s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> chr\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed distribu\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm SPD na \u00farovni panelu, testov\u00e1no p\u0159i vlnov\u00e9m pr\u016fb\u011bhu 8\/20 \u00b5s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong> chr\u00e1n\u00ed citliv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed a poskytuje jemn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed jako dopln\u011bk k ochran\u011b proti proudu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k v\u00fdb\u011bru typu SPD nen\u00ed pt\u00e1t se, kter\u00fd je \u201cnejlep\u0161\u00ed\u201d izolovan\u011b. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka je: <strong>Kde v syst\u00e9mu je t\u0159eba zajistit ochranu a jak\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed v tomto bod\u011b existuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pokud odpov\u011b\u010f zahrnuje v\u00edce m\u00edst a sm\u00ed\u0161enou citlivost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, koordinovan\u00e1 strategie SPD v\u00edce typ\u016f poskytuje nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1kladov\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochranu.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010cASTO KLADEN\u00c9 DOTAZY<\/h2>\n<h3>Jak\u00e9 jsou t\u0159i typy SPD?<\/h3>\n<p>T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy SPD jsou <strong>SPD typu 1<\/strong>, <strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong>a <strong>Typ 3 SPD<\/strong>, klasifikovan\u00e9 podle IEC 61643-11 a ANSI\/UL 1449. Ka\u017ed\u00fd typ je definov\u00e1n m\u00edstem instalace a vlnov\u00fdm pr\u016fb\u011bhem p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, proti kter\u00e9mu je testov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3>K \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 svodi\u010d p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed typu 1?<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 1 se instaluje na vstupu do objektu nebo v m\u00edst\u011b po\u010d\u00e1tku instalace, aby zachytil vysokoenergetick\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 proudy, zejm\u00e9na ty spojen\u00e9 s bleskem. Testuje se vlnou 10\/350 \u00b5s.<\/p>\n<h3>K \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SPD typu 2?<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 2 se instaluje do hlavn\u00edch rozvad\u011b\u010d\u016f nebo podru\u017en\u00fdch panel\u016f k ochran\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho rozvodn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu proti p\u0159echodn\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm jak vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zbytkov\u00fdmi r\u00e1zy, tak vnit\u0159n\u00edmi sp\u00ednac\u00edmi ud\u00e1lostmi. Testuje se vlnou 8\/20 \u00b5s.<\/p>\n<h3>K \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SPD typu 3?<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 3 se instaluje v bl\u00edzkosti citliv\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako posledn\u00ed stupe\u0148 koordinovan\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 ochrany. Sni\u017euje zbytkov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnou \u00farove\u0148 pro elektroniku a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v kombinaci s ochranou typu 2 um\u00edst\u011bnou v\u00fd\u0161e v instalaci.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak\u00fd typ SPD je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v elektrick\u00fdch rozvad\u011b\u010d\u00edch?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>SPD typu 2<\/strong> je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ SPD v n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch rozvodn\u00fdch panelech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hlavn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro v\u0161echny n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 instalace.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt SPD typu 3 pou\u017eito bez typu 1 nebo typu 2?<\/h3>\n<p>SPD typu 3 m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou vyb\u00edjec\u00ed kapacitu a je navr\u017eeno tak, aby fungovalo pouze jako dopln\u011bk k ochran\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e v syst\u00e9mu. Pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto SPD jako jedin\u00e9ho v syst\u00e9mu p\u0159edstavuje riziko selh\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany pro p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Pot\u0159ebuji svodi\u010d p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed typu 1 a typu 2 sou\u010dasn\u011b?<\/h3>\n<p>To z\u00e1vis\u00ed na prost\u0159ed\u00ed s p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm a architektu\u0159e syst\u00e9mu. V instalac\u00edch s venkovn\u00edm veden\u00edm, syst\u00e9my ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem nebo vysok\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm se doporu\u010duj\u00ed svodi\u010de p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed typu 1 i typu 2 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st koordinovan\u00e9 kask\u00e1dy. V budov\u00e1ch s podzemn\u00edm nap\u00e1jen\u00edm a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm rizikem \u00faderu blesku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na \u00farovni rozvad\u011b\u010de dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pouze svodi\u010d p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed typu 2.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi vlnov\u00fdmi pr\u016fb\u011bhy 10\/350 \u00b5s a 8\/20 \u00b5s?<\/h3>\n<p>Vlna 10\/350 \u00b5s simuluje \u00fader blesku s pomalej\u0161\u00ed dobou n\u00e1b\u011bhu a del\u0161\u00edm trv\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e dod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20kr\u00e1t v\u00edce energie ne\u017e vlna 8\/20 \u00b5s p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9m proudu. SPD typu 1 jsou testov\u00e1ny vlnou 10\/350 \u00b5s; SPD typu 2 jsou testov\u00e1ny vlnou 8\/20 \u00b5s. Tento rozd\u00edl v energii je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d tyto dva typy nejsou zam\u011bniteln\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak zajist\u00edm koordinaci SPD r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f?<\/h3>\n<p>Koordinace energie vy\u017eaduje, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd SPD v ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni neaktivoval d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni absorbuje prim\u00e1rn\u00ed energii p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed. Toho se dosahuje dostate\u010dnou impedanc\u00ed kabelu mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi (minim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti), slad\u011bn\u00fdmi \u00farovn\u011bmi propustn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a \u2013 ide\u00e1ln\u011b \u2013 pou\u017eit\u00edm koordinovan\u00fdch produktov\u00fdch \u0159ad SPD od stejn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce nebo ov\u011b\u0159en\u011b kompatibiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 264px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 264px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The three main types of SPD are Type 1 SPD, Type 2 SPD, and Type 3 SPD. The difference between them is not simply a matter of rating or cost \u2014 it is defined by where each SPD is installed in the electrical system and what kind of surge energy it is designed to handle. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14108"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22864,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14108\/revisions\/22864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14108"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}