{"id":20972,"date":"2025-12-24T23:28:37","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=20972"},"modified":"2025-12-24T23:29:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:29:33","slug":"tvss-vs-spd-ul-1449-standards-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/tvss-vs-spd-ul-1449-standards-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 TVSS UL 1449: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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\"VIOX
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\"UL
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 UL 1449 \u0645\u0646 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 (TVSS \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)<\/strong>. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 UL \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a IEC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (NEC).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (TVSS \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (SPD \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b)<\/th>\n\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\nTVSS<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (IEC 61643-11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong> (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\nSVR (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a)<\/td>\nVPR<\/strong> (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (I\u2099)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 15 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 1-5<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (2014\/2017) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (2021\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025) \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PV) \u062d\u062a\u0649 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0634\u062d\u0646 USB \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 5.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 SPD<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u201d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629)<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639) - \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TVSS<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/strong>: \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633)<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n
  • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong>: \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 (MOVs\u060c GDTs) \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: SVR \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 VPR\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

    \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 TVSS \u0625\u0644\u0649 SPD \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

    \"Schematic
    \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f: SVR \u0625\u0644\u0649 VPR<\/h3>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\nSVR (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a)<\/th>\nVPR (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f)<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong> (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 VPR \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 VPR \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n330 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 120 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n330 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c, 600V<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 VPR \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SVR \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u201cSVR: 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u201d<\/td>\n\u201cVPR: 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u201d<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 SVR \u0648 VPR \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 SPD \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f VPR \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 TVSS \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 SVR \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631) \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 VPR \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646: \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (I\u2099)<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 SPDs \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 15 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n\u0646\u0647\u062c TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 I\u2099<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0640 TVSS<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0645\u0646 SPDs \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 SPDs \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 SPDs \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TVSS:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
    2. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (SCCR)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 SPDs \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u201d - \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 - \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n
    4. \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \"Cutaway
      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 VIOX SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n

      \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 TVSS \u0648 SPD:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\nUL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (TVSS)<\/th>\nUL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (SPD)<\/th>\n\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n6 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n15 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 I\u2099<\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 SCCR<\/td>\n\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      DC\/PV<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 DC \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td>\n\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 1-5<\/h2>\n

      \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u201cTVSS\u201d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/th>\n\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629)<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (100-200 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f OCPD \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 (\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640 TVSS\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OCPD)\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 10-40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u226510 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629)<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0634\u062d\u0646 USB<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEMs) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 (MOVs \u0648 GDTs \u0648 TVS diodes) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 1-4\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PCB\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c TVSS \"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\".<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 TVSS \u0625\u0644\u0649 SPD \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n

      \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 TVSS \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
      2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n
      3. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 UL 1449.<\/li>\n
      4. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f 10-15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0640 SPD).<\/li>\n
      5. \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/strong>: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644: NEC \u0648 UL \u0648 IEC<\/h3>\n

        \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 NEC (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 285) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 SPDs \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 UL 1449\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TVSS \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 IEC 61643-11 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b+.<\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

        \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f SPDs \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u201cSPD\u201d \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201cTVSS\u201d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n
        3. \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1-5 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
        4. \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629) + \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639) + \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n
        5. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0649 SPD \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 TVSS \u0625\u0644\u0649 SPDs \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

          \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a (1995)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 TVSS \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 SPDs \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2\u061b \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642.<\/li>\n
          • \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 (\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 PLC).<\/li>\n
          • \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a UPS \u0628\u0640 SPDs \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u06331: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 TVSS \u0648 SPD\u061f<\/h3>\n

            A<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. TVSS<\/strong> (\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 2009). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> (\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 SPD \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1-5.<\/p>\n

            \u06332: \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n

            A<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a NEC \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627: (1) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c (2) \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c (3) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 (4) \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10-15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

            \u06333: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a VPR \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a SVR \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n

            A<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629. VPR<\/strong> (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 3000 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 SVR<\/strong> (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062d) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 500 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 SPD \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 VPR 600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 TVSS \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 SVR 500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 VPR \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0633 4: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n

            A<\/strong>: \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627)<\/li>\n
            • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
            • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 3<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 VIOX<\/h2>\n

              \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 TVSS \u0625\u0644\u0649 SPD \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a - \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
              • \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 VIOX \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n

                \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 VIOX Electric \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n
                • \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n
                • \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1-5<\/li>\n
                • \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n

                  \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a TVSS \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 SPD \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

                  \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 VIOX\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a SPD \u0639\u0644\u0649 VIOX.com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Introduction: The Terminology Shift from TVSS to SPD If you’ve worked with electrical systems for more than a decade, you’ve likely encountered both terms: TVSS (Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor) and SPD (Surge Protective Device). What began as a simple name change in 2009 represents a fundamental evolution in safety standards, testing rigor, and protection philosophy. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20972"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20974,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20972\/revisions\/20974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}