{"id":20880,"date":"2025-12-16T20:27:07","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T12:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viox.com\/?p=20880"},"modified":"2025-12-16T20:27:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T12:27:57","slug":"how-to-calculate-timer-relay-time-range","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/how-to-calculate-timer-relay-time-range\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"product-intro\">\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u060c 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\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (HVAC)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 - \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 - \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/viox-timer-relay-mounted-on-din-rail-in-industrial-control-panel-showing-timing-adjustment-dial-and-led-indicators.webp\" alt=\"VIOX timer relay mounted on DIN rail in industrial control panel showing timing adjustment dial and LED indicators\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: #666; font-style: italic; margin-top: 8px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1: <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/timer-relay\/\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a VIOX \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<\/a> \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/test.viox.com\/ar\/din-rail\/\">\u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 LED.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 0.1-1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/strong>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u00b11\u066a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61812-1 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u00b15\u066a \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 9.5 \u0648 10.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>0.1 - 1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.01 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.1s<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (HVAC)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\/\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0623\u0648 0.1 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1-10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 0.1 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10-300 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 45 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d - \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641)\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1 - \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 15 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u201c3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u201d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: 3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 (180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 (\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2 - \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 A\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 B \u201c\u0628\u0639\u062f 5-8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u201d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 5-8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 B \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/technical-timing-diagram-comparing-on-delay-off-delay-and-interval-timer-relay-modes-with-waveforms-and-time-annotations.webp\" alt=\"Technical timing diagram comparing on-delay, off-delay, and interval timer relay modes with waveforms and time annotations\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: #666; font-style: italic; margin-top: 8px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/h4>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649...<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/strong> (\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/strong> (\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong> \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong> (\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 (\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u201c5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/illustrated-breakdown-of-timer-relay-time-range-calculation-showing-base-process-time-plus-safety-margins-for-tolerance-aging-and-environmental-factors.webp\" alt=\"Illustrated breakdown of timer relay time range calculation showing base process time plus safety margins for tolerance, aging, and environmental factors\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: #666; font-style: italic; margin-top: 8px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 = \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u00d7 (1 + \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong> (\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.3-1.5<\/td>\n<td>+30-50%<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.2-1.3<\/td>\n<td>+20-30%<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.15-1.25<\/td>\n<td>+15-25%<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.1-1.2<\/td>\n<td>+10-20%<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.05-1.1<\/td>\n<td>+5-10%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u00b10.5% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b15% (\u0644\u0643\u0644 IEC 61812-1)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 = \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u00d7 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 % \u00d7 2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u00b10.01-0.03% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a: +1-2%<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637: 10-20%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642)<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: 180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643: 180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 1.25 = 225 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 <strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong>, \u060c \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2713 \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 219 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2190 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 1: \u062d\u062f\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 2: \u062d\u062f\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 300 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (PLCs) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>~2-5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.1-1%<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0642\u0631\u0635 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639 10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 1\u060c 2\u060c 3...10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f 180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0628\u060c -10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: 180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 (\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643: 1.25 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644)<\/li>\n<li>180 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 1.25 = 225 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (3.75 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628: 225 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 (60-600 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f: \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>: 4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 (240 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 VIOX\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u2264\u00b11%\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a AC\/DC<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2: \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 1: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 2: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f 8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 1<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 3: \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f 8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 2<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628: \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: 8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a: 1.2<\/li>\n<li>8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u00d7 1.2 = 9.6 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628: 9.6 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f: \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d (\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>: 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 VIOX\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u2264\u00b10.5%<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 3: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong>: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629: 12 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629: 48 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: 12 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c 48 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c: \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 1.1<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: 12 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u00d7 1.1 = 13.2 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: 48 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u00d7 1.1 = 52.8 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u061f \u0644\u0627 (52.8 &gt; 60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629: \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 10-100 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 = 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 = 1 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a VIOX \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\/\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<figure style=\"text-align: center; margin: 20px 0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/img.viox.com\/flowchart-diagram-showing-step-by-step-timer-relay-time-range-calculation-process-from-process-requirements-to-final-specification-with-safety-factors.webp\" alt=\"Flowchart diagram showing step-by-step timer relay time range calculation process from process requirements to final specification with safety factors\" \/><figcaption style=\"color: #666; font-style: italic; margin-top: 8px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4: \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d (-5%)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626<\/strong> (\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641)<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\/\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0630\u0648 10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 = 10% \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 2-3% \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 3-5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 2% \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<h3>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"8\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>5-30 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0623\u0648 6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\/\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629-\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3-15 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629-\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 (\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635)<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (HVAC)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>10-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 - 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.5-5 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.1-1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (IEC 61508)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3-20 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1-24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>5-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 1-10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>5-30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c 15-120 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>1-10 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u2190 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u2190 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u2264\u00b15% (\u0639\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u2264\u00b11% (\u062d\u0631\u062c)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30-50%<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u2264\u00b11%<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 13849 \u0623\u0648 IEC 61508<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0641 30-50%. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c 20-30%. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0648 HVAC \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 15-25%. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 10% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 35 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 6-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 1-10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.1 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 6 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61508. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 20\u066a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u00b10.01-0.03%\/\u00b0\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u00b11-2%)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (+1-2% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10-20\u066a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5-20 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 0.1-1 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 &lt;1 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a - \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 - \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 61812-1\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a VIOX \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 296px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 296px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 2714.15px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 2714.15px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3883.27px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 3883.27px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 8101.8px; left: 14px;\" data-hover=\"0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"simg-pop-btn\" style=\"top: 8101.8px; left: 14px; display: none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To calculate the correct time range for your timer relay, follow these four essential steps: identify your actual process timing requirements, select the appropriate timing mode (on-delay, off-delay, interval, or cyclic), apply safety factors to account for tolerance and environmental conditions, and match your calculated requirements to available commercial time ranges. 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